Can LoRa end points communicate directly?
Or is a gateway/network server always required?
Can LoRa end points communicate directly?
Or is a gateway/network server always required?
Yes, LoRa can do point to point communication. There are many examples of people using LoRa between 2 devices for low power, low bandwidth notifications between devices e.g. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WV_VumvI-0A
The hub/spoke topology is normally associated with the LoRaWAN implementations (e.g. The Things Network) used for building wide area support for devices to communicate with a cloud backend.