How Can I create a PDF background which is not printed (by default)?

Question

I'm looking for a solution to include a PDF background layer, which is not printed by default. I've seen that adobe seems to support a watermark layer, as discussed on graphicdesign.SE. I cannot test this method because I don't have access to these tools.

However, my understanding of a watermark is that it superimposed on the PDF document, whereas I want to have non printable background. I've tried \pagecolor, but it was printed using Adobe Acrobat on Windows.

I can always manually remove the background myself, but I want that a regular user who just prints my document doesn't print anything from the background. I'm assuming here that this user is using the bloated Acroread (aka Acrobat) PDF reader.

A related thread also links an example PDF which has a non-printable layer.

Here's MWE:

\documentclass[]{minimal}                                                   
\usepackage{xcolor}                                               
\definecolor{testcol}{cmyk}{0,0,0.1,0}                                      
\begin{document}                                                            
\pagecolor{testcol}                                                         
test                                                                        
\end{document}                                                              

I'm collecting tools and operating systems where the ocg-p method works (see examples in accepted answer). Please edit the question if you have experimented with a PDF viewer not listed.

Known to work

• Adobe Reader 11.0.3, Windows: Layer visible on screen/printed: yes/no

Incomplete tests

• Zathura 0.2.9-1 with mupdf backend, Linux: Layer visible/printed: yes/yes (rather: no/no)
  (Zathura does not support toggling visibility of individual layers. It displays + prints always all layers, whatever their setting regarding visibility + printability. This should better be described as 'no support for layers at all'. Tested with Zathura 0.3.7-1.)
• Evince 3.12.1 (poppler backend 0.26.2-1 ), Linux: Layer visible/printed: yes/yes
  (Tested with Evince 3.22.1 / poppler backend 0.48.0. Layers may be individually toggled on/off for visibility. Evince prints all layers which are currently toggled as 'on'. Evince supports layer marking asking for 'never' to be printed.)
• Preview.app, Mac: Layers visible/printed: yes/yes (rather: no/no)
  (Preview.app does not support toggling visibility of individual layers. It displays + prints always all layers, whatever their setting regarding visibility + printability. This should better be described as 'no support for layers at all'. Tested with Preview.app v9.0 (909.18) on macOS Sierra 10.12.6)

Answer 1

Thanks to the comment of Paul Gessler, I found ocg-p, which does exactly what I need. Here is a demonstration of an unprintable colorbox:

\documentclass[]{minimal}
\usepackage{ocg-p}

\usepackage{xcolor}

\definecolor{testcol}{cmyk}{0,0,0.5,0}
\begin{document}
regular text
% \begin{ocg}{layer name}{layer id}{initial visibility}
\begin{ocg}[printocg=never]{Background}{1}{1}
  \colorbox{testcol}{text on Background layer}
\end{ocg}
regular text
\end{document}

I'm coping the explanation of the options from the manual:

Indeed the text and the colorbox were not printed using standard Adobe Reader settings, but it was visible on the computer screen. Adobe Reader Version 11.0.3.

On the topic of non-printable backgrounds, I found the following solution (compile thrice):

\documentclass[]{article}                                                   
\usepackage{ocg-p}                                                          
\usepackage{background}                                                     
\usepackage{xcolor}                                                         

\definecolor{testcol}{cmyk}{0,0,0.5,0}                                      
\backgroundsetup{%                                                          
scale=1,%                                                                   
angle=0,%                                                                   
opacity=1,%                                                                 
contents={%                                                                 
% \begin{ocg}{layer name}{layer id}{initial visibility}                     
\begin{ocg}[printocg=never]{Background}{1}{1}%                              
  \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]%     
   \path [fill=green!30] (current page.south west)rectangle (current page.north east);%
  \end{tikzpicture}%      
\end{ocg}}%                        
}                                                                           
\begin{document}                                                            
regular text                                                                
% \begin{ocg}{layer name}{layer id}{initial visibility}                     
\begin{ocg}[printocg=never]{Background}{1}{1}                               
  \colorbox{testcol}{text on Background layer}                              
\end{ocg}                                                                   
regular text                                                                
\end{document}