When using titlesec with the option explicit the toc title "Contents" is formatted using settings from the (where the explicit #1 parameter must be used). I think the MWE shows it all.
%!TEX TS-program = xelatex
%!TEX encoding = UTF-8
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage[explicit]{titlesec}
\usepackage{titletoc}
\titleformat{name=\chapter}
[block]
{\Large}
{\thechapter}
{10pt}
{some fancy formatting using tikz #1}
[]
\titlecontents{chapter}
[20mm]
{\normalsize}
{\contentslabel{20mm}}
{}
{\titlerule*[1pc]{.}\contentsmargin{7.5mm}\filright \contentspage}
[]
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\chapter{chapX}
\chapter{chapY}
\end{document}
How can this be prevented?

\tableofcontentsissues\chapter*{\contentsname}. Maybe you want an alternate\titleformat{name=\chapter,numberless}...for unnumbered chapters. I see no messing up, in other words, but only the expected behavior. – egreg Feb 10 '15 at 12:04