I've been writing a paper on the FFT, and need to implement an image showing the basic premise of the 2-radix algorithm used. The image I want to create using Tikz is as follows. However, I've hardly any experience with Tikz (or Circuitikz if possible) as a package, and I'm at a loss when it comes to the syntax to implement something like this. Any help would be appreciated.
You can do very easily to such things with the circuits libraries of TikZ.
A similar approach to add additional pseudo-anchors to a rectangular node can be found in Tikz surrounding box with automatically drawn border “ports”.
A more proper way would be to define special anchors with an extra shape so that you would have anchors like .west 1, .west 2, etc.
The rest are some (possibly nested) loops and fine-tuned placement of current direction nodes.
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,circuits.ee.IEC}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
thick, node distance=.5cm, circuit ee IEC,
box/.style={
draw, align=center, shape=rectangle, minimum width=1.5cm, minimum height=4cm,
append after command={% see also: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/129668
\foreach \side in {east,west} {
\foreach \i in {1,...,#1} {
% coordinate (\tikzlastnode-\i-\side)
% at ($(\tikzlastnode.north \side)!{(\i-.5)/(#1)}!(\tikzlastnode.south \side)$)
(\tikzlastnode.north \side) edge[draw=none, line to]
coordinate[pos=(\i-.5)/(#1)] (\tikzlastnode-\i-\side) (\tikzlastnode.south \side)
}}}}]
\node[box=4] (box-t) {$N/2$ \\\\ DFT};
\node[box=4, below=of box-t] (box-b) {$N/2$ \\\\ DFT};
\foreach \s[count=\i] in {0,2,6,8}
\path (box-t-\i-west) edge node[at end, left]{$\chi[\s]$} ++(left:.5);
\foreach \s[count=\i] in {1,3,5,7}
\path (box-b-\i-west) edge node[at end, left]{$\chi[\s]$} ++(left:.5);
\foreach \b/\s[count=\k] in {t/e, b/o}
\foreach \i[evaluate={\j=int(\i-1)},
evaluate={\J=int(ifthenelse(\k==2,\j+4,\j))}] in {1,...,4}
\node [contact] (conn-\b-\i) at ([shift=(right:1.5)] box-\b-\i-east) {}
edge node[above] {$X_{\s}[\j]$} (box-\b-\i-east)
node [contact, label=right:{$X[\J]$}] (conn-\b-\i') at ([shift=(right:5)] box-\b-\i-east) {};
\begin{scope}[every info/.append style={font=\scriptsize, inner sep=+.5pt}]
\foreach \i[evaluate={\j=int(\i-1)},evaluate={\J=int(\i+3)}] in {1,...,4}
\path (conn-t-\i) edge[current direction={pos=.27, info=$i$}] (conn-t-\i')
edge[current direction={pos=.1, info=$i$}] (conn-b-\i')
(conn-b-\i) edge[current direction={pos=.87, info={$w_8^\J$}}] (conn-b-\i')
edge[current direction={pos=.9, info={$w_8^\j$}}] (conn-t-\i');
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
Some foreach, two fit nodes and some labels. A nicer example in TeXample.net.
\documentclass[tikz, border=2mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[c/.style={circle,fill, minimum size=4pt,
inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt}]
\foreach \i [count=\xe from 0, count=\xo from 4,
evaluate={\ni=int(2*\i)}, evaluate={\nii=int(\ni+1)} ] in {0,1,2,3}{%
\draw[-] (0,-\xe*0.75cm) coordinate (xe-\xe) --
node [above]{$X_e[\xe]$} ++(0:2cm) coordinate[c] (xe-\xe-1);
\draw[-] (xe-\xe-1)--++(0:2cm) coordinate[c, label=right:{$X[\xe]$},
label={[font=\scriptsize]below:{$w_8^\xe$}}] (xe-\xe-2);
\draw[-] (-2cm,-\xe*0.75cm) coordinate (xe-\xe-0)--
++(0:-1cm)node[left]{$x[\ni]$};
\begin{scope}[yshift=-4cm]
\draw[-] (0,-\xe*0.75cm) coordinate (xo-\xe)--node [above]{$X_o[\xe]$}
++(0:2cm) coordinate[c] (xo-\xe-1);
\draw[-] (xo-\xe-1)--++(0:2cm) coordinate[c, label=right:{$X[\xo]$},
label={[font=\scriptsize]below:{$w_8^\xo$}}] (xo-\xe-2);
\draw[-] (-2cm,-\xe*0.75cm) coordinate (xo-\xe-0)--
++(0:-1cm)node[left]{$x[\nii]$};
\end{scope}
}
\node[fit=(xe-0-0) (xe-3), draw, inner ysep=5mm, inner xsep=0pt, align=center]
{N/2\\ DFT};
\node[fit=(xo-0-0) (xo-3), draw, inner ysep=5mm, inner xsep=0pt, align=center]
{N/2\\ DFT};
\foreach \i in {0,1,2,3}{
\draw (xe-\i -1) -- (xo-\i-2);
\draw (xo-\i -1) -- (xe-\i-2);
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
