Writing a formula below a matrix

Question

I have a matrix environment:

\begin{bmatrix}

 ...

\end{bmatrix}

How can I write below that matrix? I tried with substack, so I wrote \end{bmatrix}_{\substack{...}}

That doesn't work as it does with, for example, a sum. How can I write a formula exactly below the matrix?

EDIT: Okay, I found out how to do it myself now by using the array environment

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt, oneside]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,amsopn,amscd}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation*}
\begin{array}{c}
A : =
\begin{bmatrix}
x \\
y \\
z \\
a
\end{bmatrix} \\
x=0
\end{array}
\end{equation*}

\end{document}

Welcome to LaTeX! Welcome to TeX.sx! Please add a minimal working example (MWE) that starts from \documentclass{...} and ends with \end{document} and illustrates your problem. — percusse, Oct 07 '12 at 21:56
This surely works: \begin{matrix}\begin{bmatrix}<matrix>\end{bmatrix}\\<formula>\end{matrix} but some of the context in which you want this would help. — egreg, Oct 07 '12 at 21:59

score 6 · Answer 1 · edited Mar 19 '17 at 19:19

Since you are already using amsmath, it's better to use its environments:

\begin{equation*}
\begin{matrix}
A : =
\begin{bmatrix}
x \\
y \\
z \\
a
\end{bmatrix} \\
x=0
\end{matrix}
\end{equation*}

In this case the difference is not evident, but array adds spaces at both sides that matrix doesn't.

enter image description here

If you want that the condition is exactly below the matrix and not centered also with respect to A:=, then an array is the way to go, but in a more sophisticated fashion:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathtools} % load also amsmath

\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{array}{@{}c@{}c@{}}
A : = {} &
\begin{bmatrix}
x \\
y \\
z \\
a
\end{bmatrix} \\
& \mathclap{x=0}
\end{array}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}

enter image description here

score 4 · Answer 2 · edited Mar 19 '17 at 19:19

4

An equation below the matrix in normal size looks a little odd, if the equation is just an annotation/index to the matrix. The following uses the same method as putting equations below \sum, \prod and other operators:

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt, oneside]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,amsopn,amscd}
\usepackage{colonequals}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation*}
A \colonequals
\mathop{
  \begin{bmatrix}
  x \\
  y \\
  z \\
  a
  \end{bmatrix}
}\limits_{x=0}
\end{equation*}

\end{document}

edited Mar 19 '17 at 19:19

David Carlisle

757,742

answered Oct 08 '12 at 10:12

Heiko Oberdiek

271,626

This is what I would consider the good approach, it was exactly my thought when I read the question! – yo' Oct 08 '12 at 17:52

Américo Tavares · Answer 3 · 2012-10-08T18:25:35.103

3

We can use \underset

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt, oneside]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,amsopn,amscd}

\begin{document}

$A:=\underset{
\begin{array}{c}
x=0
\end{array}
}{
\begin{bmatrix}
x \\ 
y \\ 
z \\ 
a
\end{bmatrix}
}$



\end{document}

to create

enter image description here

ADDED. Comparison between the above code and as commented by egreg:

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt, oneside]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,amsopn,amscd}
\begin{document}
Original

$A:=\underset{
\begin{array}{c}
x=0
\end{array}
}{
\begin{bmatrix}
x \\ 
y \\ 
z \\ 
a
\end{bmatrix}
}$

As per egreg's comment

$A:=\underset{
\begin{array}{@{}c@{}}
x=0
\end{array}
}{
\begin{bmatrix}
x \\ 
y \\ 
z \\ 
a
\end{bmatrix}
}$
\end{document}

Output

enter image description here

edited Oct 08 '12 at 18:25

answered Oct 08 '12 at 17:14

Américo Tavares

1,756

1

The array may be useful if there are more then one conditions. However I'd use \begin{array}{@{}c@{}} to remove the extra space at both sides. – egreg Oct 08 '12 at 17:17
I would maybe consider \mathclap{x=0} since its far away from the rest of the equation so it doesn't need to occupy any horizontal space – yo' Oct 08 '12 at 17:51
@tohecz I wouldn't use such a build up anyway, since probably a subscript to the main matrix would be less ambiguous. Whether using \mathclap depends mostly on what similar conditions are used throughout the document. – egreg Oct 08 '12 at 17:56
@tohecz I am not familiar with \mathclap. I've tried to insert it but an error appeared. – Américo Tavares Oct 08 '12 at 18:11
1

@AméricoTavares Sorry, it needs \usepackage{mathtools}, and then you put \mathclap{x=0} instead of simple x=0, it makes x=0 occupy no horizontal space, which seems to be good here. – yo' Oct 08 '12 at 18:17
@tohecz Thanks. Now I've managed to make it work as indicated by you. – Américo Tavares Oct 08 '12 at 18:24

Writing a formula below a matrix

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