Problem with Table Vertical Alignment

Question

I want a table whose first column is aligned top, second column is aligned middle, and third column is aligned bottom; like this:

I wrote the following code:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{array}

\begin{document}

\begin{tabular}{| p{1cm} | m{1cm} | b{1cm} |}
    \hline
    x &
    A long text comes here &
    x \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\end{document}

Yet, to my surprise, the outcome was "all columns aligned middle," as follows:

What did I do wrong?

Answer 1

You could use optional arguments of \parbox for vertical alignment and vertical size. Here's a small demonstration example, I just quickly estimated the height. Inserting \vspace{0pt} is a trick for changing the base line for the alignment. Without it, we would get a lot of additional whitespace.

\documentclass{article}
\newcommand*{\tabbox}[2][t]{%
    \vspace{0pt}\parbox[#1][3.7\baselineskip]{1cm}{\strut#2\strut}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{| p{1cm} | p{1cm} | p{1cm} |}
    \hline
    \tabbox{x} &
    \tabbox{A long text comes here} &
    \tabbox[b]{x} \\
    \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

Output:

Answer 2

The thing with the array package is you cannot use p{...}, m{...} and b{...} in the same table. m{...} will usually override the other two if they are present. You might just want to manually insert your vertical space or do your alignment within the multirow environment.

Answer 3

I will give a solution with tabularray package. In the example, h column aligns at the head, f column aligns at the foot.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\begin{document}
\begin{tblr}{| h{1cm} | m{1cm} | f{1cm} |}
 \hline
   x & A long text comes here & x \
 \hline
\end{tblr}
\end{document}

Answer 4

This isn't an answer per se, but rather an observation from, what I gather, a "lower" level:

\parindent=0pt
\baselineskip=0pt
\raggedright
\halign to .2\hsize{
  \vbox to 20pt{\hsize=.05\hsize#\vfil}&% cmr10*2=20
  \vbox to 20pt{\hsize=.10\hsize#\vfil}&
  \vtop to 20pt{\hsize=.05\hsize#\vfil}\cr
  \hfill x&long text here&x\cr
  \centerline{wtf}&is happening here&huh?\cr
}\hfill
\bye

Notice how the first 'x' is higher than the following vbox, and the last column content is lower than the middle column content, even though the explicit height definitions. Also I've no clue where does the white-space between the rows come from.

I, too, sure would like to know what is happening.