ḫtm

See also: ḥtm

Egyptian

Compare Arabic خَتَمَ (ḵatama, “to seal”).

3-lit.

Conjugation of ḫtm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫtm, geminated stem: ḫtmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ḫtm	ḫtmw, ḫtm	ḫtmt	ḫtm	ḫtm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ḫtm	ḥr ḫtm	m ḫtm	r ḫtm

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḫtm.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ḫtm	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ḫtm	ḫtm, ḫtmw⁵, ḫtmy⁵
imperfective	ḫtm, ḫtmy, ḫtmw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ḫtm, ḫtmj⁶, ḫtmy⁶	ḫtm, ḫtmw⁵
prospective	ḫtm, ḫtmtj⁷	—	ḫtmtj⁴, ḫtmt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫtm

ḫtm

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 350–352.3
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 313.

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