俞

See also: 兪 and 侖

俞	U+4FDE, 俞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FDE

← 保
[U+4FDD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

俟 →
[U+4FDF]

Translingual

Han character

俞 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人一月弓 (OMBN), four-corner 8022₁, composition ⿱亼刖)

Derived characters

偷, 喻, 堬, 媮, 崳, 㡏, 愉, 揄, 渝, 㺄, 隃, 𣈥, 榆, 牏, 瑜, 䄖, 腧, 𤭷, 睮, 䃋, 褕, 緰(𦈕), 羭, 𦖭, 蝓, 諭(谕), 䜽, 𧱬, 貐, 踰, 䠼, 輸(输), 䤅, 鍮(𨱎), 䩱, 䬔(𱃞), 𩜶(𱄁), 騟(𩨈)
㓱, 鄃, 歈, 毹, 㼶, 覦(觎), 嵛, 萮, 𣈯, 窬, 逾, 愈, 毺, 㢏, 瘉, 䵉, 匬, 𰿵

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 105, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 703
Dae Jaweon: page 223, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 155, character 3
Unihan data for U+4FDE

Chinese

trad.		俞/兪
simp.		俞

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 俞

Shang

Western Zhou

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Oracle bone script**
j19961	j19962	j19963

**Bronze inscriptions**
b13234	b13235	b13236	b13237	b13238	b13239	b13240	b13241
b13242

**Small seal script**
s06179

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L30528	L30529	L30530	L02687	L02688	L02689

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (俞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
褕	low, lo
偷	*l̥ʰoː
媮	l̥ʰoː, lo
鍮	*l̥ʰoː
緰	l'oː, slo
牏	l'oː, l'os, *lo
揄	l'oː, l'oːʔ, lu, lo
窬	l'oː, l'oːs, *lo
歈	l'oː, lo
俞	l̥ʰus, lo
隃	slo, hljo, hljos, lo
毹	*sro
輸	hljo, hljos
鄃	hljo, lo
腧	*hljos
逾	*lo
榆	*lo
愉	*lo
渝	*lo
瑜	*lo
蕍	*lo
覦	lo, los
蝓	*lo
踰	*lo
崳	*lo
羭	*lo
堬	*lo
瘉	lo, loʔ
萮	*lo
騟	*lo
愈	*loʔ
貐	*loʔ
喻	*los
諭	*los

In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yú (yu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì
Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lû / jû

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yú
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yú
  - Wade–Giles: yü²
  - Yale: yú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
  - Palladius: юй (juj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁴
  - Yale: yùh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
  - Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
  - Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû
  - Tâi-lô: lû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: luu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /lu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû
  - Tâi-lô: jû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: juu
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zu¹³/

Middle Chinese: yu

Rime
Character	俞
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊朱切
Baxter	yu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/jio/
Shao Rongfen	/io/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juə̆/
Li Rong	/io/
Wang Li	/jĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lo/

(Zhengzhang): /*lo/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	俞
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yú
Middle Chinese	‹ yu ›
Old Chinese	/*lo/
English	yes, agree; satisfied, at ease
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	俞
Reading #	2/2
No.	15853
Phonetic component	俞
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	逾
Old Chinese	/*lo/
Notes	金文象以銳器刳木爲舟

Definitions

俞

to approve; to consent
yes
to reply; to respond
(literary) satisfied; at ease
a surname
俞大猷 ― Yú Dàyóu ― Yu Dayou (Chinese general and martial artist during the Ming dynasty)

Compounds

伯俞泣杖
俞俞
俞允 (yúyǔn)
俞旨
俞然
俞跗
吁俞
吁咈都俞
呴俞
都俞吁咈

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shù (shu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): syu³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shù
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shù
  - Wade–Giles: shu⁴
  - Yale: shù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
  - Palladius: шу (šu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: syu³
  - Yale: syu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sy³
  - Guangdong Romanization: xu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /syː³³/

Definitions

俞

^† Alternative form of 腧 (“acupoint”)

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chòu (chou⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cau³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chòu
  - Wade–Giles: chʻou⁴
  - Yale: chòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chow
  - Palladius: чоу (čou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cau³
  - Yale: chau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsau³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ceo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐu̯³³/

Middle Chinese: trhjuwH

Rime
Character	俞
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	丑救切
Baxter	trhjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰɨu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰiu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰiəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰuw^H/
Li Rong	/ȶʰiu^H/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶʰi̯ə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cau³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰus/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	俞
Reading #	1/2
No.	15841
Phonetic component	俞
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	畜
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰus/

Definitions

俞

^† a surname

Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yù
  - Wade–Giles: yü⁴
  - Yale: yù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
  - Palladius: юй (juj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/

Definitions

俞

^† Alternative form of 愈 (yù, “even more”)
^† Alternative form of 癒／愈 (yù, “to recover”)

Pronunciation 5

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shū (shu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄨ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shū
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shu
  - Wade–Giles: shu¹
  - Yale: shū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shu
  - Palladius: шу (šu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵⁵/

Definitions

俞

Used in 俞兒／俞儿.

References

(Min Nan) “Entry #41096”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

俞

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): ゆ (yu)
Kun: しかり (shikari)

Korean

Hanja

俞 (eum 유 (yu))

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Vietnamese

Han character

俞: Hán Nôm readings: dũ

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References

Nom Foundation

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