土圭

Chinese

		earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian	jade tablet
simp. and trad. (土圭)		土	圭

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tǔguī

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄟ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tǔguī
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tǔguei
  - Wade–Giles: tʻu³-kuei¹
  - Yale: tǔ-gwēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuuguei
  - Palladius: тугуй (tuguj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: thuX kwej

Rime
Character	土	圭
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	齊 (40)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	他魯切	古攜切
Baxter	thuX	kwej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuo^X/	/kwei/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuo^X/	/kʷei/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰo^X/	/kuɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɔ^X/	/kwɛj/
Li Rong	/tʰo^X/	/kuei/
Wang Li	/tʰu^X/	/kiwei/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuo^X/	/kiwei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tǔ	guī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tou²	gwai¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰˤaʔ [k]ʷˤe/

(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰaːʔ kʷeː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	土	圭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tǔ	guī
Middle Chinese	‹ thu^X ›	‹ kwej ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰˁaʔ/	/*[k]ʷˁe/
English	earth	jade scepter
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	土	圭
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	12499	4569
Phonetic component	土	圭
Rime group	魚	支
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	土	圭
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰaːʔ/	/*kʷeː/

Noun

土圭

(historical) a type of sundial used in the Zhou dynasty

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (土圭):

→ Japanese: 時計(とけい) (tokei)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
土	圭
と Grade: 1	けい Jinmeiyō
kan’on

For pronunciation and definitions of 土圭 – see the following entry.

【時計とけい】

[noun] a clock, a watch, a timepiece, a timekeeper

(This term, 土圭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

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