苜蓿

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (苜蓿)		苜	蓿
simp. ^#(苜蓿)		苜	蓿
alternative forms		目宿牧宿牧蓿木粟

Etymology

Borrowed from a Central Asian language during the Han Dynasty (Laufer, 1967). Compare Tibetan བུག་སུག (bug sug, “alfalfa; bird's-foot trefoil”), Ladakhi [script needed] (bukhsukh, “Nepeta salviifolia, now Nepeta racemosa”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mùxu, mùsù

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ ˙ㄒㄩ, ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): muk⁶ suk¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k-siok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mùxu
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ ˙ㄒㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mùsyů
  - Wade–Giles: mu⁴-hsü⁵
  - Yale: mù-syu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh.shiu
  - Palladius: мусюй (musjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹ ɕy¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, common variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mùsù
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mùsù
  - Wade–Giles: mu⁴-su⁴
  - Yale: mù-sù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muhsuh
  - Palladius: мусу (musu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ su⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: muk⁶ suk¹
  - Yale: muhk sūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: muk⁹ suk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: mug⁶ sug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊk̚² sʊk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k-siok
  - Tâi-lô: bo̍k-siok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bogsiog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴⁻² siɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɔk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: mjuwk sjuwk

Rime
Character	苜	蓿
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	東 (4)	東 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	莫六切	息逐切
Baxter	mjuwk	sjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨuk̚/	/sɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/miuk̚/	/siuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/miuk̚/	/siuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muwk̚/	/suwk̚/
Li Rong	/miuk̚/	/siuk̚/
Wang Li	/mĭuk̚/	/sĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯uk̚/	/si̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mù	su
Expected Cantonese Reflex	muk⁶	suk¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*muɡ suɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苜	蓿
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	9334	12106
Phonetic component	目	宿
Rime group	覺	覺
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	目	肅
Old Chinese	/*muɡ/	/*suɡ/
Notes	見史記	見史記，漢書作宿

Noun

苜蓿

Medicago (a genus of flowering plants including alfalfa)

Synonyms

(chiefly Wu, colloquial) 草頭／草头 (cǎotóu)

Derived terms

南苜蓿
紫花苜蓿
苜蓿盤空／苜蓿盘空
苜蓿長欄干／苜蓿长栏干
苜蓿風味／苜蓿风味
黃花苜蓿／黄花苜蓿

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (苜蓿):

→ Japanese: 苜蓿(もくしゅく) (mokushuku)
→ Korean: 목숙(苜蓿) (moksuk)
→ Vietnamese: mục túc (苜蓿)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
苜	蓿
もく Hyōgaiji	しゅく Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [mo̞kɯ̟ᵝɕɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

苜(もく)蓿(しゅく) • (mokushuku)

Medicago polymorpha

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