< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/peeni

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown. Borrowing from Proto-Germanic *spēnuz, as once proposed, is not possible due to semantic and phonetic issues (it, however, was probably borrowed into Finnic as *pëëna). If the Finnic word goes back to earlier *päne, it could be related to Proto-Uralic *pänɜ- (“to grind”) (akin to Proto-Uralic *pänɜ (“grindstone”), whence e.g. Hungarian fen), through a development like "to grind (fine)" > "fine" > "small", although this kind of zero derivation of an adjective from a verb has no known parallels.

Adjective

*peeni[1]

  1. little, small
  2. fine

Inflection
Inflection of *peeni
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *peeni *peenet
accusative *peenen *peenet
genitive *peenen *peenden
*peeniden
partitive *peentä *peenidä
inessive *peenessä
*peenehnä		 *peenissä
*peenihnä
elative *peenestä *peenistä
illative *peenehen *peenihen
adessive *peenellä *peenillä
ablative *peeneltä *peeniltä
allative *peenelen
*peenelek		 *peenilen
*peenilek
essive *peennä *peeninä
translative *peeneksi *peeniksi
instructive *peenen *peenin
comitative *peennek *peeninek
abessive *peenettä *peenittä

Descendants
  • Estonian: peen
  • Finnish: pieni
  • Ingrian: peeni, peen
  • Karelian: pieni
  • Livonian: pien
  • Ludian: pien'
  • Veps: pen'
  • Votic: peeni

References
  1. Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*peeni”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto‎ (in Finnish)

Further reading
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “pieni”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
  • “peen”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
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