Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hūwilōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hūwilōną.

Verb

*hūwilōn

to howl, scream

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*hūwilōn
1st sg. past	*hūwilōdā
Infinitive	*hūwilōn
Genitive infin.	*hūwilōnijas
Dative infin.	*hūwilōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*hūwilōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*hūwilō	*hūwilōdā
2nd singular	*hūwilōs	hūwilōdēs, hūwilōdōs
3rd singular	*hūwilōþ	hūwilōdē, hūwilōdā
1st plural	*hūwilōm	*hūwilōdum
2nd plural	*hūwilōþ	*hūwilōdud
3rd plural	*hūwilōnþ	*hūwilōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*hūwilō	*hūwilōdī
2nd singular	*hūwilōs	*hūwilōdī
3rd singular	*hūwilō	*hūwilōdī
1st plural	*hūwilōm	*hūwilōdīm
2nd plural	*hūwilōþ	*hūwilōdīd
3rd plural	*hūwilōn	*hūwilōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*hūwilō
Plural	*hūwilōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*hūwilōndī	*hūwilōd

Alternative reconstructions

*hūwulōn, *hūwlōn, *hūlōn

Related terms

*hūwō

Descendants

Old English: *hūlian
- Middle English: hulen, houlen, howlen
  - English: howl
  - Scots: howl
Old Frisian: *hūlia
- Saterland Frisian: huulje
Old Saxon: *hūwilōn, *hūlōn
- Middle Low German: hü̂len, hûlen
  - German Low German: hulen
  - → Danish: hyle
  - → Norwegian:
    - Norwegian Bokmål: hyle
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: hyla
  - → Swedish: hyla
Old Dutch: *hūlon
- Middle Dutch: hulen
  - Dutch: huilen
    - Afrikaans: huil
    - Negerhollands: hyelen, hyel
  - Limburgish: hule
Old High German: hūwilōn, hūlōn; hiuwilōn, hiwilōn
- Middle High German: hūwelen, hūwlen, hūlen; hiuwelen, hiulen, hielen
  - Alemannic German: hüüwle
  - German: heulen
→ Old French: uller, ouler

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