It is definitely more than science fiction. Many species have sex determination that depend upon the temperature.
As a rule of thumb, when it comes to sex, not much has been invented in fictions. The diversity of reproductive system is HUGE! I will not mention 1% of the existing complexity in sex systems. For simplicity, below I will limit my concepts and examples to big animals only. I won't talk about
- double fertilization
- cloning
- parthenogenesis
- dosage compensation
- Mating types
- Cases of multinucleated cells typically in fungi but not only
- Asexual reproduction
- Systems with more that two genders or with coexisting hermaphrodite along with a single other gender
- Liability factor
- Reaction norms for sex determination
- How reproduction relate to all that
- How dosage compensation relate to all that
- How the concept of individual relate to all that
- etc...
Sex Determination System: GSD vs ESD
There is a great diversity of sex determination system. The standard is to classify them in two
- Environment Sec Determation (ESD)
- Genetic Sec Determation (GSD)
Of course, the reality is more complex. In many species a mixture of both genetics and environment clues matter.
Within ESD species, there is quite a bit of variety. Some species use temperature (e.g. crocodiles, Nile tilapia, Australian skink lizard), others use social cues (e.g. clownfish, swordfish, boa constrictor).
Within GSD, there is also a great deal of diversity. By far not all species use the XY system used in mammals.
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