I found this strange disease on the leaves of a pear tree. I don't know the tree's species but I found it in South Turkey, 150 km from the Mediterranean. What causes this disease?
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Welcome to Biology.SE! If you know this a pear tree then you do know the genus (Pyrus). – tyersome Sep 29 '20 at 01:12
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Related: https://biology.stackexchange.com/q/10002/16866 – theforestecologist Oct 08 '20 at 04:18
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This is pear rust (Gymnosporangium sabinae).
It is fairly widespread in the northern hemisphere:

It is a fungal infection and affects pear trees from junipers. Pruning the affected nearby junipers can help control its spread.
JimN
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