If you have a scene set up with your camera in position, and a sphere that's been UV mapped, has a material applied with an Image Texture connected and setting the color, you can use this script to automate loading images and rendering the results:
import bpy
from os import listdir
from os.path import join, dirname
s = bpy.data.objects['Sphere'] # <-- REPLACE OBJECT NAME IF NEEDED
m = s.active_material
t = m.texture_slots[0].texture
img = t.image
imagesFolder = "C:/SomeFolderWithImges" # <-- REPLACE THIS WITH ACTUAL PATH TO YOUR IMAGES
isImage = lambda fp: fp.endswith( tuple( bpy.path.extensions_image ) )
for f in listdir(imagesFolder):
if isImage( f ):
t.image.filepath = join( imagesFolder, f )
bpy.context.scene.render.filepath = join( dirname( bpy.context.scene.render.filepath ), f )
bpy.ops.render.render( write_still = True )
Just copy this into a new textfile in the text editor, replace the path to the images you want to map to your sphere on line 11, and press Run Script.
Sample scene initial setup:

Rendered results after running script:
