I'm fairly new to texturing in blender and I was trying to make an american flag and set up a whole scene for it, but when I went into render mode the flag appeared black. I've gone into the nodes and made sure that I have an image texture connected to the output and the correct image chosen. I've uv wrapped the flag texture to make sure it shows up correctly and I have a texture with the flag set up but when I go to render mode I only see black 
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1 Answers
You have connected the image texture directly to the surface output, but it needs to be connected to the Color input of a shader, for example a diffuse, like this.

World map courtesy of NASA, downloadable in several pixel resolutions from NASA Visible Earth
Below is the same material as it appears in the node editor, to make it clearer how to connect them.
In case your texture has an alpha channel, that doesn't get passed through the Color sockets. Instead it's passed separately through the Alpha socket. This can be used to mix multiple shaders, depending on the alpha channel, but to simply use it for transparency, connect it like this.
The logic here is, that when the alpha is 1.0 (i.e. fully opaque), the lower Shader socket to the Mix shader is passed to the material, and when the alpha is 0.0 (i.e. fully transparent), the upper Shader socket gets passed to the material, and anything in between, causes a corrsesponding mix of the two to get passed to the material.
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@C.Pendergrass Glad I could help. You may also find these two posts on how to connect node sockets to each other useful: What is the meaning of the color of the node sockets in the node editor? and How are color images used as input values in nodes?. – Apr 10 '17 at 22:54

