I 3D scanned an object and exported it as an .obj file (including the generated texture), then did some cleanup in Blender 2.91. The UVs were a mess, so I created a new UV map for the object and followed a tutorial to unwrap multiple parts of the model separately. Afterwards I used "Seams From Islands" and unwrapped again, which created UVs that look decent (in my opinion at least).
I then tried to follow this and this answer to get the texture for the new UVs by creating a new image in the "UV Editing" view, keeping it selected with the new UV map active and baking it ("Cycles" render engine, unticked all influences as I only want the original texture without any additional light spots). This (after taking a long time) changed the original texture (instead of the new one) but it's only black "blobs" in the shape of the new UVs with a surrounding transparent area.
On Youtube I found another tutorial that uses nodes in a newer Blender version but there aren't any nodes in my project and when I tried to recreate what the youtuber had (I've never used nodes before), I noticed that the "UV Map" node he uses (this one) isn't even in the list and the "Map UV" node (this one) looks completely different.
How can I bake the old texture onto the new image, using the new UVs but without using nodes? Is that even possible? If it's not, how do I add the "UV Map" node and what nodes do I need for the original UVs/texture?

