1895 New Jersey USA. I almost asked "What is this crazy framing technique" because it looks crazy .... but I'm looking forward to someone with knowledge of older techniques to explain it, and hopefully explain that it's not crazy at all.
Studs are split across a long diagonal framing member. Anti-skew bracing comes to mind, but the diagonal isn't fixed very well at its ends. Other bracing is also diagonal, in alternating directions.
FWIW this is a second floor supporting wall. Above it is a third floor and hip roof.

