My sister is a nurse. She got her diploma in the middle of the 1980ies (somewhen between 1983 and 1985), and I always found it odd that she is the Schwester for only me, but Krankenschwester for everybody, and I always found it odd, that her male colleagues are not called Krankenbruder.
The official term for her profession is »Diplompfleger« or »Diplompflegerin« and this term already existed when she made her diploma in the middle of the 1980ies. But this term exists only in Austria.
In Germany nurses are officially called »Gesundheits- und Krankenpfleger« since 2004, but the term »Krankenschwester« still exists as an official term in Germany. It is a »geschützte Berufsbezeichnung« = protected job title, which means that nobody is allowed to call herself a »Krankenschwester« when she doesn't have the right professional training.
In Switzerland nurses are officially called »Pflegefachmann« and »Pflegefachfrau«, also since 2004.
These are official terms, printed in the diplomas of the people who finish the relevant professional training. But how they are called by "normal" people changes very slowly.
When my sister talks about her job she still calls herself and her female colleagues Schwestern, and a few years ago she became Stationsschwester (charge nurse, i.e. the nurse who is the boss of all other nurses in a section of a hospital), and I never ever have heard anybody use the term Stationspfleger.
So, officially there still exists the term Schwester at least in Germany, but no longer in Austria. (I have no knowledge about the official usage of Schwester in Switzerland and Liechtenstein) and in all German speaking countries there is the official term Pfleger, but it still will take a while until the term Pfleger will also be used for female nurses in everyday language.