$${m+n \choose m+r} = \sum\limits_{k=0}^{m}{m \choose k}{n \choose r+k}$$ The problem makes sense to me, intutively, if I write out the left-hand side as: $${m\choose m}*{n \choose r}+{m\choose m-1}*{n \choose r+1}+...+{m\choose 1}*{n \choose r+m-1}+{m\choose 0}*{n \choose r+m}$$ You've introduced a group of size m to a group of size n and you have to pick m plus r in the first 'round', you simply pick every element from group m and get m elements, plus pick r elements from group n. Then the next time you don't pick one m and you pick an extra element from n, increasing in this way until you pick m+r elements from group n. The trouble is I have no idea how to write this out mathematically.
Please don't mark this as a duplicate of a post about Vandermonde's identity without explaining how this problem can be solved using Vandermonde's identity.