Is it true that $\lfloor\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n+2} \rfloor=\lfloor\sqrt{9n+7}\rfloor$?

Question

I know it's true that $$\lfloor\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1} \rfloor=\lfloor\sqrt{4n+1}\rfloor,\forall n\in \mathbb N. \tag 1$$ Is it true that $$\left[\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n+2} \right ]=\left[\sqrt{9n+7}\right], \tag 2$$ $$\left[\sqrt{n} +\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n+2}+\sqrt{n+3}\right ]=\left[\sqrt{16n+20}\right], \tag 3$$ $$\left[\sqrt{n} +\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n+2}+\sqrt{n+3}+\sqrt{n+4}\right ]=\left[\sqrt{25n+49}\right], \tag 4$$ for all $n\in \mathbb N$? I have checked $(2),(3),(4)$ through $10^6.$

(I think $(4)$ maybe has counter-examples, but I cannot find it.)

@DanielV, $\lfloor \cdot \rfloor$ denotes the floor function. — vadim123, Oct 13 '13 at 17:31
Ah I missed the floor / ceiling because the title was showing it differently. The title is using square brackets [] for grouping; I missed the lack of serifs in the actual question. — DanielV, Oct 13 '13 at 17:32
http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/477108/lfloor-sqrt-n-sqrt-n1-sqrtn2-sqrtn3-sqrtn4-rfloor-lfloor-sqr?rq=1 — math110, Oct 13 '13 at 17:46
See also http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/477429/generalization-of-lfloor-sqrt-n-sqrt-n1-sqrtn2-sqrtn3-sqrtn4 that there is no equation $(5)$ possible — Hagen von Eitzen, Oct 13 '13 at 17:55
I have modified some of the brackets into \lfloor and \rfloor for the coming readers. — Jean Marie, May 13 '20 at 08:43

score 12 · Accepted Answer · answered Oct 13 '13 at 17:51

For $0<a<b$ we have $\sqrt b-\sqrt a=\frac{b-a}{\sqrt b+\sqrt a}$ and hence the estimate $$\frac{b-a}{2\sqrt b}<\sqrt b-\sqrt a<\frac{b-a}{2\sqrt a}.$$ Therefore $$x:=\sqrt {n}+\sqrt {n+1}+\sqrt{n+2} =3\sqrt{n+1}+(\sqrt{n+2}-\sqrt {n+1})-(\sqrt {n+1}-\sqrt n)$$ is estimated by $$3\sqrt {n+1}+\frac1{2\sqrt{n+2}}-\frac1{2\sqrt n}< x<3\sqrt{n+1}$$ and then (applying the same trick to $a=\frac1{n+2}$, $b=\frac1n$) $$ x > 3\sqrt{n+1}-\frac{\frac1n-\frac1{n+2}}{4\sqrt{\frac1{n+2}}}= 3\sqrt{n+1} - \frac{1}{2n\sqrt{n+2}}.$$ Therefore $$ 9(n+1)-\frac{3\sqrt{n+1}}{n\sqrt{n+2}}+\frac1{4n^2(n+2)}< x^2 < 9n+9$$ For $n>3$ this gives us $ 9n+8<x^2<9n+9$ and hence $ x=\sqrt{9n+\theta}$ with $8<\theta<9$. Since $9n+8$ cannot be a perfect square(!), we conclude that $$\lfloor\sqrt{9n+7}\rfloor = \lfloor\sqrt{9n+\theta}\rfloor = \lfloor \sqrt n+\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt {n+2}\rfloor$$ (at least for $n>3$, but one checks the rest manually).

The same approach, though with more complicated terms, should work for $(3)$ and $(4)$.

how did you think of the $\sqrt{a) - sqrt{b}$ identity – Josh Goldman May 13 '20 at 15:18 — Josh Goldman, May 13 '20 at 15:18

Is it true that $\lfloor\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n+2} \rfloor=\lfloor\sqrt{9n+7}\rfloor$?

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