The function Solve works fine for scalars:
In[]:= Solve[A x - x B + C == 0, x]
Out[]= {{x -> -(C/(A - B))}}
When using matrices however,
mA = {{1, 0}, {0, 1}};
mB = {{2, 0}, {0, 2}};
mC = {{3, 1}, {0, 3}};
Solve[mA.x - x.mB + mC == 0, x]
Out[]= {}
There is no output, though there should be (x={{3,1},{0,3}}, I guess). The same happens when the matrix multiplication operator "." is replaced with a white space.
How can linear matrix equations like these be solved?

xis multiplied from the left withmAand from the right withmB). – Betohaku Apr 30 '16 at 17:56