An example for sine as a function of x:
SeriesRepresentationSin = TraditionalForm[Inactive[Sum][SeriesCoefficient[Sin[x], {x, 0, k}, Assumptions -> k >= 0]*x^k, {k, 0, \[Infinity]}]] (*Outputs function expression as series*)
Activate[SeriesRepresentationSin] (*Outputs algebraic function expression*)


I'm still curious of how Wolfram Alpha outputs so many different series. I'm guessing for now it has to do with the "Assumptions" command.
There is also:
MathematicalFunctionData["Sin", "SeriesRepresentations", "TraditionalFormPresentation" -> True]

Although it appears to be limited to some known functions, I believe.
Series[]? – J. M.'s missing motivation Jul 28 '16 at 03:38