I will assume Advanced Dynamic Functionality
and Advanced Manipulate Functionality (and their introductory siblings) have been read. In particular the notions that Manipulate creates a DynamicModule, which is an inert piece of code that comes to life only when it is displayed by the Front End; and further, every time it is displayed by the Front End, a new instance is created, with new localized variables etc.
In
Manipulate[Ceiling[c - w/2], {c, Floor[w/2], 200}, {w, 1, 2, 1}]
the variable declaration
{c, Floor[w/2], 200}
initializes c to the expression Floor[w/2] with an uninitialized DynamicModule variable represented by w in the code, but in keeping with such variables, it is coded as the symbol w$$. inside the code Manipulate generates. Since w is a Manipulate variable, Manipulate adds a Dynamic wrapper to it. It does this automatically (and perhaps undocumentedly), and it usually is just what the user wanted (but didn't know was necessary).
The symbol w$$ is instantiated when the FE creates an instance of the DynamicModule (that is created by Manipulate), and the name is changed to a localized symbol such as FE`w$$1379 in the FE` context and with a module number appended.
When the expression Ceiling[c - w/2] is displayed inside a Dynamic in the front end, the current values of the localized w and c are shown. They are not subtracted because until you move the slider, c is the expression Dynamic[Floor[w/2]] and not a number. When you copy the expression from the displayed Manipulate, you usually get the values as displayed inside the Dynamic[] that wraps the body of the Manipulate. In this case though, what is inside the Ceiling[] is Dynamic[Floor[w/2]] - w/2 and Dynamic is HoldAll. So what Mathematica decides to copy, is the value of the second w/2 but the whole Dynamic[] expression for the first term. The Dynamic[] code is copied as Dynamic[w$$/2], which is the InputForm and not the temporary, active, Front-End form.
Manipulate[ Ceiling[c - w/2], {{c, 1, "c"}, Floor[w/2], 200}, {w, 1, 2, 1}]– Feyre Dec 11 '16 at 16:44wfor the same reason as why this doesn't work. – Ruslan Dec 11 '16 at 16:52