Simply like this:
map = Graphics[{GrayLevel[0.2], AbsoluteThickness[1.5],
CountryData[
"World", {"SchematicPolygon", {"Equirectangular", {0,
180}}}] /. Polygon -> Line}, Frame -> True];
Show[map,
FrameTicks -> {{Automatic,
None}, {Transpose[{Range[13]*30 - 210, Range[13]*30 - 30}],
None}}, ImageSize -> 400]

Show[map,
FrameTicks -> {{Automatic,
None}, {Transpose[{Range[13]*30 - 210,
RotateLeft[Range[13]*30 - 30, 7] /. x_ /; x > 180 :> x - 30}],
None}}, ImageSize -> 400]

Addendum
In answer to comment:-
map = Graphics[{GrayLevel[0.2], AbsoluteThickness[1.5],
CountryData[
"World", {"SchematicPolygon", {"Equirectangular", {0,
180}}}] /. Polygon -> Line}, Frame -> True];
linepos = First[Position[map, Line]];
line = Extract[map, Most[linepos]];
newline = line /. {a_Real, b_} :> {a + 180, b};
map2 = ReplacePart[map, Most[linepos] -> newline];
p2 = ListContourPlot[
Table[Sin[i + j^2], {i, 0, 3, 0.1}, {j, 0, 3, 0.1}],
Contours -> 15, ColorFunction -> "Rainbow", AspectRatio -> 1/2,
DataRange -> {{0, 360}, {-90, 90}}];
Show[p2, map2, ImageSize -> 400]
