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I'm trying to get the log-likelihood of a Gaussian in the form

$$ p(\textbf{x}|u,\sigma^2)=\prod_{n=1}^{N}\mathcal{N}(x_n|\mu,\sigma^2) \quad (1) $$

$$ \ln\ p(\textbf{x}|\mu,\sigma^2)=-\frac{1}{2\sigma^2}\sum_{n=1}^N{(x_n-\mu)^2}-\frac{N}{2}\ln\ \sigma^2-\frac{N}{2}\ln\ (2\pi) \quad (2) $$

I've have

Log[Product[PDF[NormalDistribution[μ, σ], Subscript[x, n]], {n, 1, bigN}]]

which outputs

$$ \ln(\prod_{n=1}^{bigN}\frac{\mathrm e^{\frac{(-\mu+x_n)^2}{2\sigma^2}}}{\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma}). $$

I tried Expand, ExpandAll, PowerExpand, but I can't seem to get it to display like in Equation (2 RHS).

From 

Product[Log[PDF[NormalDistribution[μ, σ], Subscript[x, n]]], {n, 1, bigN}] // PowerExpand`

I get closer with

$$ \prod_{n=1}^{bigN}\left[\frac{1}{2}(-\ln 2-\ln\pi)-\ln\sigma-\frac{(-\mu+x_n)^2}{2\sigma^2}\right] $$

Αλέξανδρος Ζεγγ
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I should change my Username
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  • Looks like there's a typo in your first line of code -- x_n should be Subscript[x, n]. Though be careful, because using subscripts as variables can get you into trouble. – jjc385 Sep 12 '18 at 15:26
  • related https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/a/65991/1089 – chris Sep 13 '18 at 08:45

2 Answers2

2
logProd = Log[Product[PDF[NormalDistribution[μ, σ], Subscript[x, n]], {n, 1, bigN}]];

$Assumptions = {σ > 0};
product /: Log[product[a_, b_]] := Sum[FunctionExpand @ Log @ a, b]

Block[{Product = product}, logProd]

enter image description here

% // TeXForm

$\sum _{n=1}^{\text{bigN}} \left(\log \left(e^{-\frac{\left(x_n-\mu \right){}^2}{2 \sigma ^2}}\right)-\log (\sigma )-\frac{1}{2} \log (2 \pi )\right)$

kglr
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0

How about starting with a replacement rule?

logProduct /. Log[Product[expr_, spec_]] :> Sum[Log[expr], spec]

output

jjc385
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