Convert image of roads to 3D graphics

Question

I have images like this:

and I want to convert those lines to 3D graphics so I can export it as OBJ or STL.

My best attempt has been by using MorphologicalGraph (following this post) and doing:

img=Import["map.png"]
g=MorphologicalGraph[MorphologicalBinarize[img],VertexCoordinates->Automatic,EdgeWeight->Automatic];
edges = EdgeList[g];

vertices = Thread[Rule[VertexList[g], PropertyValue[g, VertexCoordinates]]];
lines = ((edges/.vertices)/.UndirectedEdge[a_, b_] :> Line[{a, b}]);
lines3D = {Append[#[[1, 1]], 0], Append[#[[1, 2]], 0]} & /@ lines;
Graphics3D[Line /@ lines3D]

I do get a Graphics3D but it looks like this:

which is very different from the original image and, actually, if I export that to OBJ or STL, it doesn't work (3D viewers say the file is wrong). I got it working by using thin tubes, e.g.

Graphics3D[Tube[#,0.5]&/@(lines/. {x_?NumericQ,y_?NumericQ}:>{x,0,y})]

In any case, I'm not getting what I want. I know there are programs like AutoCAD Raster Design that should be able to do this, but I want to do it with Wolfram Language.

Any ideas on how to preserve the original image and get it in 3D?

score 5 · Accepted Answer · answered Jul 31 '21 at 05:58

5

img = Import["https://i.stack.imgur.com/3mWJe.png"];
mesh = ImageMesh[ColorNegate[img]];
reg = RegionProduct[mesh, Line[{{0.}, {1.}}]]

Export["test.stl", reg]

answered Jul 31 '21 at 05:58

cvgmt

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Alexey Popkov · Answer 2 · 2021-08-04T07:47:43.283

With little help ListCurvePathPlot allows obtaining a nice-looking and very efficient vector representation:

img = Binarize@Import["https://i.stack.imgur.com/3mWJe.png"];
mc = MorphologicalComponents[img];
imgSize = ImageDimensions[img];
gr = ListCurvePathPlot[
  Table[Replace[
    Position[mc, i], {i_, j_} :> {j, imgSize[[2]] - i + 1}, {-2}], {i, Max[mc]}],
  PlotRange -> Transpose[{{1, 1}, imgSize}], ImageSize -> imgSize, 
  PlotStyle -> Directive[JoinForm[{"Miter", 1}], Thickness[1/imgSize[[1]]]], 
  Axes -> False, MaxPlotPoints -> Infinity, AspectRatio -> Automatic]; // AbsoluteTiming

{79.9067, Null}

gr

Graphics3D[gr[[1, 1, 1]] /. {Line[pts_] :> Line[Join[pts, Table[{0.}, Length[pts]], 2]],
    Annotation -> (# &), Directive -> Sequence}, Boxed -> False]

Graphics3D[gr[[1, 1, 1]] /. {Line[pts_] :> Line[Join[pts, Table[{0.}, Length[pts]], 2]],
    Annotation -> (# &), Directive -> Sequence, _Hue -> Black}, Boxed -> False]

ListCurvePathPlot also can work with the points directly, without the preprocessing by MorphologicalComponents. It takes much longer and the result differs:

img = Binarize@Import["https://i.stack.imgur.com/3mWJe.png"]
imgSize = ImageDimensions[img];
gr0 = ListCurvePathPlot[PixelValuePositions[img, 1], 
    PlotRange -> Transpose[{{1, 1}, imgSize}], ImageSize -> imgSize, 
    PlotStyle -> 
     Directive[JoinForm[{"Miter", 1}], Thickness[1/imgSize[[1]]], Black], 
    Axes -> False, MaxPlotPoints -> Infinity]; // AbsoluteTiming
gr0

{707.343, Null}

Another way is to use fast and exact vectorization approach based on the code from this answer:

img = Binarize@Import["https://i.stack.imgur.com/3mWJe.png"];
pxls = PixelValuePositions[img, 1];
segments = Line[Nearest[pxls, pxls, {2, Sqrt[2]}]];
Graphics3D[{JoinForm[{"Miter", 1}], 
  Thickness[1/ImageDimensions[img][[1]]], 
  Replace[segments, {i_, j_} :> {i, j, 0}, {-2}]}, Boxed -> False]

(here I converted the binary image into a collection of two-point line segments).

Convert image of roads to 3D graphics

2 Answers2