Bug introduced in 10.0.1 or 10.0.2 and fixed in 10.1.0
In version 10, if we plot with Sqrt in y-axis, and export to PDF, the square root disappears in the PDF file.
p = Plot[x, {x, 0, 1}, Frame -> True,
FrameLabel -> {"x", "\!\(\*SqrtBox[\(y\)]\)"}]

Export["test.pdf", p];

This does not happen in version 9.

{DisplayForm@SqrtBox["x"], DisplayForm@SqrtBox["y"]}. Related: http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/69242/ratio-of-variables-axeslabel-is-messed-up-when-plot-exported-to-pdf – Mike Honeychurch Dec 18 '14 at 06:50