A friend showed me the code below.
r[i_] := {x[i, t], y[i, t], z[i, t]};
rji = r[i] - r[j];
solap = 2 a - Norm[rji];
FullSimplify[D[solap, t]]
I'm unsure about what she's trying to calculate, but we're both curious about the output produced:
What is Abs´?

Absfollowed by a tick? – IPoiler Nov 01 '15 at 19:23Primeis not enlightening at all, unfortunately. The'indicates a first derivative. This is linked with asking to calculate the derivative usingD. However, Mathematica does not have a rule for the derivative ofAbs. See http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/q/69077/27951 for a discussion. – MarcoB Nov 01 '15 at 19:32FullSimplify[D[ComplexExpand[solap], t]]instead. – paw Nov 01 '15 at 19:32Absis not defined so it remains unevaluated asAbs'. If you ae dealing with real-valued functions then use the substitutionAbs[x_] :> Sqrt[x^2]prior to taking the derivative. – Bob Hanlon Nov 01 '15 at 19:42solap = 2 a - ComplexExpand@Norm[rji], too. – Michael E2 Nov 01 '15 at 20:01