Matter and [non-gravitational] energy via the stress tensor can cause spacetime curvature because the stress tensor is algebraically related to the Ricci curvature tensor, according to Einstein's field equation. So energy in a region of spacetime can be associated with some curvature in that region of spacetime. I am confused about causation.
Spacetime curvature (more precisely, Riemann curvature) is composed of a part determined by Ricci curvature and the rest determined by Weyl (conformal) curvature (see Ricci decomposition). That is to say, one can have spacetime curvature (namely, Weyl-type curvature) without the presence of matter and [non-gravitational] energy. Can we say it is possible to have curvature of space time without energy just because of mathematics (like have only three phases of matter just because of central limit theorem)