There may be a better way, but one (rather brute-force) way would be to just check for that particular pattern with a formula.
You'll need ISNUMBER() to check for numbers*, and you'll need MID(A1,x,1) to check the character at the xth position in cell A1.
Combine these with an AND() and you're good to go.
For the particular example in the OP you can use:
=AND(ISNUMBER(MID(C4,1,1)*1),ISNUMBER(MID(C4,2,1)*1),MID(C4,3,1)="-",ISNUMBER(MID(C4,4,1)*1),ISNUMBER(MID(C4,5,1)*1))
* Checking for numbers in text doesn't work by default. See this SE answer for how to resolve that.