There have been several questions about this topic already:
ISO file much smaller than extracted data
Why is the windows ISO file much smaller than the installed OS?
These questions ask why is the iso file much smaller than the data contained within it. My question is different. I want to know how much smaller is the iso file relative to the data? What is the order of magnitude of compression? Is the iso file relatively 25% smaller than the data, 75% smaller? If my data has a size of X GB, then how large can I expect the iso file to be?
The reason I'm asking this question is because I want to duplicate an OS and knowing it's size, I want to find out the relative size of the completed iso file, so that I can buy a usb drive in advance that is big enough to hold that iso file. I will be saving/burning the iso file directly onto the drive.