User agent strings do not identify early versions of Microsoft Edge,
since the Microsoft developers at the beginning left the Chrome
user agent string as-is.
In Edge version 12, they adopted the Edge/ string and the
first one was:
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.135 Safari/537.36 Edge/12.10240
(source).
This version was also called
EdgeHTML
and was not based on Chromium.
For the real Chromium-based Edge,
they moved to edg/ in version 75, and this became:
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3739.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/75.0.109.0
(source).
You can read about the history of the Edge browser and all its versions in
Wikipedia Microsoft Edge.
For comparison, here are some user agent strings from a
Stack Overflow answer
from May 2019.
The Chrome browser userAgent:
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; win64; x64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml,
like gecko) chrome/74.0.3729.169 safari/537.36
The Edge browser userAgent:
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; win64; x64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml,
like gecko) chrome/64.0.3282.140 safari/537.36 edge/18.17763
The Microsoft Chromium Edge Dev userAgent:
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; win64; x64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml,
like gecko) chrome/76.0.3800.0 safari/537.36 edg/76.0.167.1
The Microsoft Chromium Edge Canary userAgent:
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; win64; x64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml,
like gecko) chrome/76.0.3800.0 safari/537.36 edg/76.0.167.1