How can we write Greek documents (i.e. in the Greek language) having the computer modern font? What code do we have to write? I'd like to note that I don't want to include some Greek letters, but I'd like to write an entire Greek text.
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This and this may help you. – Manuel Mar 03 '13 at 12:38
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@Manuel Thank you for your help, but I would like to write the greek text entering greek caracters and the font would be like this is one from the first site that you gave me above. Let's say I would like to write φύσις and the written word would be like that one. Do you have any idea? – Y_gr Mar 18 '13 at 12:43
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I don't understad you, but the first link lets you write φύσις. – Manuel Mar 18 '13 at 21:18
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Are you perhaps asking if Computer Modern itself has support for Greek as a means of communication (as opposed to its use in mathematics)? Is this a question about the font, or is it a question about LaTeX? – Sean Allred Apr 09 '13 at 20:46
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@SeanAllred It's more a question about the font. I want to write in Greek (to produce a Greek text, like having my keyboard in Greek), not by doing it like the manuals seen above. Also, if you know another font that can offer the same beautiful result just like this one font, as an alternative option, I would really appreciate it. – Y_gr Apr 09 '13 at 20:54
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@giannis Without precise information about your operating system and TeX distribution, it's difficult to say more. – egreg Apr 10 '13 at 08:05
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@egreg I'll try to give some info: my OP is Windows 7 and I use MikTeX 2.9 (with TeXworks). – Y_gr Apr 10 '13 at 16:44
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@giannis Try copy and paste from the updated answer; but you should first update your distribution. Use the MiKTeX wizard. – egreg Apr 10 '13 at 17:56
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I've updated my MiKTeX distribution, and now i notice this message: "! Package inputenc Error: Keyboard character used is undefined (inputenc) in inputencoding `utf8'." – Y_gr Apr 13 '13 at 22:04
3 Answers
It's not at all difficult, if you have an up-to-date TeX distribution.
The text is from http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Αθήνα
Version for TeX Live 2013 and later
% !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[greek]{babel}
\begin{document}
Η Αθήνα (Ἀθῆναι στα αρχαία ελληνικά και την καθαρεύουσα) είναι η
πρωτεύουσα της Ελλάδας. Επίσης είναι η έδρα της Περιφέρειας
Αττικής. Βρίσκεται στη Στερεά (Κεντρική) Ελλάδα και αποτελεί εύρωστο
οικονομικό, πολιτιστικό και διοικητικό κέντρο της χώρας. Πήρε το όνομά
της από τη θεά Αθηνά που ήταν και η προστάτιδά της. Η Αθήνα σήμερα
είναι μία σύγχρονη πόλη αλλά και διάσημη, καθώς στην αρχαιότητα ήταν
πανίσχυρη πόλη-κράτος και σημαντικότατο κέντρο πολιτισμού· θεωρείται η
ιστορικότερη πόλη της Ευρώπης μαζί με τη Ρώμη. Είναι γνωστή σε όλο τον
κόσμο για τα ιστορικά της μνημεία που διασώθηκαν,έστω και μερικώς, στο
πέρασμα των αιώνων. Επίνειο της ιστορικής πόλης είναι το λιμάνι του
Πειραιά. Πολιούχος της Πόλης των Αθηνών είναι ο Άγιος Διονύσιος ο
Αρεοπαγίτης.
\end{document}
Version for TeX Live 2012
% !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[LGRx,T1]{fontenc} % or OT1 instead of T1
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[greek]{babel}
\begin{document}
Η Αθήνα (Ἀθῆναι στα αρχαία ελληνικά και την καθαρεύουσα) είναι η
πρωτεύουσα της Ελλάδας. Επίσης είναι η έδρα της Περιφέρειας
Αττικής. Βρίσκεται στη Στερεά (Κεντρική) Ελλάδα και αποτελεί εύρωστο
οικονομικό, πολιτιστικό και διοικητικό κέντρο της χώρας. Πήρε το όνομά
της από τη θεά Αθηνά που ήταν και η προστάτιδά της. Η Αθήνα σήμερα
είναι μία σύγχρονη πόλη αλλά και διάσημη, καθώς στην αρχαιότητα ήταν
πανίσχυρη πόλη-κράτος και σημαντικότατο κέντρο πολιτισμού· θεωρείται η
ιστορικότερη πόλη της Ευρώπης μαζί με τη Ρώμη. Είναι γνωστή σε όλο τον
κόσμο για τα ιστορικά της μνημεία που διασώθηκαν,έστω και μερικώς, στο
πέρασμα των αιώνων. Επίνειο της ιστορικής πόλης είναι το λιμάνι του
Πειραιά. Πολιούχος της Πόλης των Αθηνών είναι ο Άγιος Διονύσιος ο
Αρεοπαγίτης.
\end{document}

Version for pre 2012 TeX Live
With an older TeX system (but I recommend you to upgrade) you get the same result with the following code.
% !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
\usepackage[greek]{babel}
\begin{document}
Η Αθήνα (Ἀθῆναι στα αρχαία ελληνικά και την καθαρεύουσα) είναι η
...
\end{document}
Notes about the answer
The original answer did not have the first part, because it was written when the current release of TeX Live was labeled 2012.
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Thank you very very much. I didn't know such a thing. I really think that you're saving me from so much time! – Y_gr Apr 09 '13 at 20:58
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when I've tried just the same code as yours i've seen this error message: – Y_gr Apr 09 '13 at 21:03
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! Package fontenc Error: Encoding file `lgrxenc.def' not found. (fontenc)
You might have misspelt the name of the encoding. – Y_gr Apr 09 '13 at 21:04 -
1@giannis This means you don't have an up-to-date TeX distribution. Can you add to your question what it is? However I've added a workaround to use until you upgrade. – egreg Apr 09 '13 at 21:06
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what is an up-to-date TeX distribution? another version of the program that i've already have? – Y_gr Apr 09 '13 at 21:11
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1see http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/55437/how-do-i-update-my-tex-distribution – Sean Allred Apr 09 '13 at 21:13
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@egreg With an older TeX system's code, it doesn't show none of the letters. It seems just like not recognize Greek. – Y_gr Apr 09 '13 at 21:56
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@egreg For the past 3 weeks, I have been trying all these above both to my PC and to my laptop (which also is working with Windows OS) and I haven't managed to clear this out. Even your text above I couldn't make it as your output. I've tried both of these ways, but nothing... – Y_gr May 18 '13 at 15:53
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@egreg If I'm reading these READMEs correctly, with a sufficiently new TeXLive (2014 or later, I think), it should be
LGRinstead ofLGRxin the fontenc settings. Do you know if that's right? – zwol Jun 19 '16 at 16:18 -
@zwol Things have changed in the meantime! You should not need
LGRanywhere. I added the details – egreg Jun 19 '16 at 16:28 -
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1@alhelal It's better to switch to XeLaTeX for Bengali and other Indian languages. – egreg Sep 05 '18 at 14:00
Another option would be to use XeLaTeX. In this case you need to install CM-Unicode with the standard procedure of your Operating System (C:\windows\fonts catalog in windows ~/.fonts in Linux etc)
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont[Mapping=tex-text]{CMU Serif}
\setsansfont[Mapping=tex-text]{CMU Sans Serif}
\setmonofont{CMU Typewriter Text}
\begin{document}
Κείμενο στα ελληνικά
Text in english
\end{document}
Alternatively you may use package polyglossia which is the replacement of babel for XeLaTeX but especially for the greek language, xgreek is probably a better choice. For more info look here (section "Ελληνικά")
The main advantage of XeLaTeX over pdfLaTeX is that you can easily use native system fonts and that you can also use ucharclasses which is a package that will allow you to change hyphenation rules without explicitly declaring the languages (with the restriction that the involved languages must be members of different unicode blocks). You may find a minimum working example, plus some extra info here
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I've noticed that the only text that I can have is only what you've written above. I don't know why... :/ – Y_gr May 18 '13 at 15:50
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That's really strange, but I am afraid that unless you provide some more info it is not going to be possible to get help... Perhaps you could open a new question with the specific problem, or at the very least upload the
texfile and thelogfile. In any case, make sure that your tex distribution is updated and that you use the latest version of CM-Unicode. – pmav99 May 18 '13 at 21:13 -
I've recently updated them so as to achieve it. However, what I see as a result is only commas, full stops, and all the punctuation of the text, except for the text itself. – Y_gr May 18 '13 at 22:48
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What operating system do you use? Make sure that the OS can see the fonts. It sounds like they are not installed. In Windows you need to place them in
C:\Windows\fontsdirectory. In Linux at~.fontsand runfc-cache -fv. Google it for more info. – pmav99 May 19 '13 at 09:34 -
I use the OS of Windows 7 and I am sure that I've placed the fonts in the appropriate file, just like as you noticed above. – Y_gr May 19 '13 at 10:08
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I am afraid it is difficult to offer more help from here. Comments are not especially helpful for providing the necessary context. You should consider opening a new question, although mailing lists are probably more suitable than tex.stackexchange for this type of problems. – pmav99 May 19 '13 at 19:27
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Just a couple of more suggestions. Make sure that you have saved the *.tex file in utf8. If you change font what happens? Try with arial or another font that comes installed with windows. – pmav99 May 19 '13 at 19:28
Some times you have to write only some sections or words in Greek in this case I found very useful the solution in this Overleaf tutorial:
%\title{Example: Greek and English text}
% based on
% http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/110573/writing-greek-text
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[english,greek]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
\begin{document}
\section{Εισαγωγή}
Σήμερα είδα για πρώτη φορά το
\selectlanguage{english} site
\selectlanguage{greek}του Γιάννη.
\[
a = b + \gamma
\]
\end{document}
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Here (TeXlive 2020 on Fedora 34 beta) it is enough to use
utf8forinputenc. For some reason,utf8xbreakshyperref. – vonbrand Apr 07 '21 at 14:02