@egreg answered beautifully my question on adding an asterisk to an item locally by introducing the command \moditem. I am wondering if this is possible with specific items in the multienum package. This is what I have so far:
\documentclass[letterpaper]{article}
\usepackage{multienum}
\begin{document}
\begin{multienumerate}
{\renewcommand{\labelname}{\llap{*}\csname
labelenum\romannumeral\themultienumdepth\endcsname}
\mitemx{one}
\mitemxx{two}{three}}
\mitemxx{four}{five}
\end{multienumerate}
\end{document}

The problem I see is that the multienum does not define each item independently, e.g. \mitemxx{<content>}{<content>}. So for example, if I want to put an asterisk to item 3 it would be a little difficult, at least for me. Essentially, I want to be able to put an asterisk in possibly two different ways:
- A command like
\mitemax{<content with asterisk>}{<content without asterisk>}so that wherever theais found then there is where the asterisk is found. So that\mitemxawould define a different scenario. Of course, I believe this is tough as you would possibly need to create several custom commands for all scenarios of\mitemx,\mitemxx,\mitemxxx,\mitemxxxx,\mitemxxxxx. - Simply a command, say
\astmitemthat redefines locally the label. For example,\mitemxx{\astitem <content>}{<content>}will put an asterisk at the front of the first item. This is easier but I can't figure it out.
UPDATE
The answer @cgnieder provided was excellent but when I do something like:
\newcommand*\doexercise[1][\includegraphics[scale=0.125]{g3016}]{%
\gdef\labelname{%
\llap{#1}%
\csname labelenum\romannumeral\themultienumdepth\endcsname
\gdef\labelname{%
\csname labelenum\romannumeral\themultienumdepth\endcsname}%
}}
it does not work. Why? The graphics file could be replaced with any symbol. Works well if you replace \includegraphics[scale=0.125]{g3016} with *.
Solved by replacing \includegraphics[scale=0.125]{g3016} with {\includegraphics[scale=0.125]{g3016}}. You can read ] inside an optional argument for further info as to the fix.

\newcommand*\doexercise[1][{\includegraphics[scale=0.125]{g3016}}]{...}(notice the extra pair of braces around\includegraphics[...)? – cgnieder Dec 11 '13 at 21:38