As I understand it pdflatex has been discontinued, and the replacement is LuaLaTeX.
But pdflatex is still included in most (all?) distributions, along with LuaLaTeX.
LuaLaTeX supports lots of new features like otf fonts.
Will I ever need to use pdflatex? Is it faster?
texdoc luatexin your terminal and the first page shows youbeta 0.76.0. So LuaTeX is far away from stable. – Marco Daniel Jul 07 '13 at 14:56pdflatexfor security reasons (see Is luatex as secure as pdftex?). – Paul Gaborit Jul 07 '13 at 17:36