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For some reason, there is no blank space between the bibliography section title (References) and the first reference. I am currently using \bibliographystyle{apalike} as bibliography style and document class article (\documentclass[12pt, a4paper]{article}). Does anyone have an idea how to get a baseline skip in between the title 'References' and the first reference?

EDIT: I am using \usepackage{natbib}.

EDIT2: My preamble

\documentclass[12pt, a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
\usepackage{natbib}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{appendix}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{eurosym}
\usepackage{bbding}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{a4wide}
\usepackage[hang,normalsize,bf]{caption}
\usepackage{lscape}
\usepackage{graphics}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{epstopdf}
\usepackage{placeins}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[bottom]{footmisc}
\usepackage{bbm}
\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{,}{,}

\numberwithin{equation}{section}
\interfootnotelinepenalty=10000
%\renewcommand\thetable{\Roman{table}}
\renewcommand\thefigure{\thesection.\arabic{figure}}
\renewcommand\thetable{\thesection.\arabic{table}}
\newcommand{\HRule}{\rule{\linewidth}{0.5mm}}
\newcommand{\gargantuaan}{\fontsize{7}{8}\selectfont}

%\hypersetup{
%  colorlinks=false,% hyperlinks will be black
%  linkbordercolor=white,% hyperlink borders will be red
%  pdfborderstyle={/S/U/W 0}% border style will be underline of width 1pt
%}

\makeatletter
\renewcommand*\l@table{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.8em}}
\renewcommand*\l@table{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.8em}}
\makeatother

\makeatletter
\setlength{\@fptop}{0pt}
\makeatother

\begin{document}
karlkoeller
  • 124,410
Pieter Oudshoorn
  • 53
  • With the limited information you are providing, I can only recommend using \vspace*{3mm} where '3mm' can be set as much space as you want. – Mario S. E. Sep 17 '13 at 16:15
  • Without a MWE it is very difficult to predict the behaviour of some not-working code, please provide one if you can. – TheVal Sep 17 '13 at 16:16
  • I understand. There is just not too much I can give as an MWE. Perhaps this helps: http://s24.postimg.org/aigpfgf05/Example.png You can see there is no space between 'References' and the first reference. Further, the title References is at the right location. As for tex coding, I use the following to create the bibliography:

    \bibliographystyle{apalike} \bibliography{Bibliography}

     – Pieter Oudshoorn Sep 17 '13 at 16:20
  • 1
    Does this behavior persist if you create a minimal test document like \documentclass{article}\usepackage{natbib}\begin{document}\nocite{*}\bibliographystyle{apalike}\bibliography{bib_name_here}\end{document}? If it does not persist, then you should be able to go through the process of creating an MWE that you can then post so we can help you further. – Adam Liter Sep 17 '13 at 16:32
  • Thanks for that Adam. So I did the minimal test document and the problem did not persist. Here is my preamble (part 1):

    \documentclass[12pt, a4paper]{article} \usepackage{multirow} \usepackage{array} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} \usepackage{natbib} \usepackage{color} \usepackage{xcolor} \usepackage{appendix} \usepackage{float} \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage{url} \usepackage{subfigure} \usepackage{rotating} \usepackage{eurosym} \usepackage{bbding} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{setspace} \usepackage{a4wide}

     – Pieter Oudshoorn Sep 17 '13 at 17:04
  • Sorry for the poor formatting, could you direct me to an explanation on how to create a better MWE?

    Many thanks!

     – Pieter Oudshoorn Sep 17 '13 at 17:05
  • I updated the original question with my preamble, are there perhaps any packages that might cause the issue? – Pieter Oudshoorn Sep 17 '13 at 17:09
  • If you indent lines by 4 spaces, they'll be marked as a code sample. You can also highlight the code and click the "code" button (with "{}" on it). You can also use backticks ``` to mark your inline code. And here's a link explaining what a minimal working example (MWE) is, though I think @AndreaL. linked to this above. – Adam Liter Sep 17 '13 at 17:12
  • Also, you can use @ before someone's name in a comment to have that person receive a notification that you have directed a comment at them. – Adam Liter Sep 17 '13 at 17:16
  • The problem is not related to the code in the preamble... – karlkoeller Sep 17 '13 at 17:24
  • I cannot actually reproduce your problem with that MWE. I would suggest: (i) making sure your TeX distribution is up to date; and (ii) trying to go through the process of creating an actual MWE, where you create the most minimal document possible that actually reproduces the problem when you compile it. As @karlkoeller just pointed out, it seems that the problem isn't related to the preamble. – Adam Liter Sep 17 '13 at 17:25
  • I'm so sorry but the problem was really stupid. For the appendices prior to the bibliography, I had inserted \titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*-3}{*-0.1} which caused the issue. I had forgotten about this as I put it in a long time ago and not seen the references (title) for a while.

    Thanks so much for your time anyway!

     – Pieter Oudshoorn Sep 17 '13 at 17:28
  • Hmm, I now just wonder how to put it back to default. When I use \titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*0.1} after the Appendices, it still has the first reference directly below the title. – Pieter Oudshoorn Sep 17 '13 at 17:32
  • {0pt}{3.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}

    got it

     – Pieter Oudshoorn Sep 17 '13 at 17:33
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    This question appears to be off-topic because it is about a mistake made and solved by the OP. – karlkoeller Sep 17 '13 at 18:42

0 Answers0