Using the \hyphenblockcquote like in What's the advantage of using csquotes over using an editor's auto-replacement for "? seems (for a bloody beginner) not persistent. Inside the same section (another subsection, see below) the 'blockquote' changes into a kind of USenglish 'style'.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % for writing other that basic characters
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage[UKenglish, USenglish]{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes} % blockquotation and other.
\usepackage{enumitem} % enumerate [1], [2],.. http://ctan.org/pkg/enumitem
% Include any extra LaTeX packages required
\usepackage[authoryear, numbers, comma, sort&compress]{natbib} % Use the "Natbib" style for the
% references in the Bibliography
\usepackage{verbatim} % Needed for the "comment" environment to make LaTeX comments
% \usepackage{vector} % Allows "\bvec{}" and "\buvec{}" for "blackboard" style bold vectors in maths
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}
@article{walton2012,
author = {Walton, Douglas},
title = {Using Argumentation Schemes for Argument Extraction: A Bottom-Up Method},
journal = {Int. J. Cogn. Inform. Nat. Intell.},
issue_date = {July 2012},
year = {2012},
}
\end{filecontents*}
\begin{document}
\chapter{TeXperiments} % history of the jetpak
\section{Argumentation Theory}
\hyphenblockcquote{**UKenglish**}[p. 5]{emeren1996}{Argumentation is a verbal and social activity
of reason aimed at increasing (or decreasing) the acceptability of a controversial standpoint
for the listener or reader, by putting forward a constellation of propositions intended to
justify (or refute) the standpoint before a rational judge.}
\subsection{Walton's Argument Schemes}
Walton proposed the analysis of arguments with \textit{presumptive argumentation schemes}
\citep[p. 3]{walton1996}.
\hyphenblockcquote{**UKenglish**}[p. 34]{walton2012}{Argumentation schemes represent stereotypical
patterns of reasoning used in everyday conversational argumentation, as well as in a variety
of other contexts as well, [...] that aim at a decision on what to do in given circumstances.}
\end{document}
csquoteshas been stable for quite some time). – moewe Jan 31 '14 at 18:39\usepackage[USenglish,UKenglish]{babel}will give you british style quotes. – Dan Jan 31 '14 at 20:32