AFAIK the \includegraphics macro only expands its path argument once, so you need to preprocess it and feed the fully expanded path to it:
\def\filelists{1/{"t0_01"},2/{"038"}, 3/{"050"},4/{"060"}}
\foreach \i/\element in \filelists {
\edef\imagepath{/Users/xxxxx/paper_animations/fig4_conc_set3_\element.png}
\node[inner sep=0cm, outer sep=0cm] at (0, 1.5+\i*-3.1){\includegraphics[width=12cm, height=3cm,bb=390bp 70bp 3810bp 930bp,clip]{\imagepath}};
}
If this doesn't work try:
\def\filelists{1/{"t0_01"},2/{"038"}, 3/{"050"},4/{"060"}}
\foreach \i/\element in \filelists {
\node[inner sep=0cm, outer sep=0cm] at (0, 1.5+\i*-3.1){%
\edef\imagecmd{\noexpand\includegraphics[width=12cm,height=3cm,bb=390bp 70bp 3810bp 930bp,clip]{/Users/xxxxx/paper_animations/fig4_conc_set3_\element.png}}\imagecmd};
}
which should work.
As Matthew already commented: There is a / missing between \i and \element.
/(forward slash) between\iand\element? If not, it would help greatly to expand your example to make it a full document, and to describe the actual error you get. – Matthew Leingang Apr 14 '11 at 17:05