One option using TikZ (a TikZ-free solution is provided below); adjust the font attributes and lengths according to your needs:
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{tikz}
\definecolor{myblue}{RGB}{0,82,155}
\titleformat{\chapter}[display]
{\normalfont\bfseries\color{myblue}}
{\filleft%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[
outer sep=0pt,
text width=2.5cm,
minimum height=3cm,
fill=myblue,
font=\color{white}\fontsize{80}{90}\selectfont,
align=center
] (num) {\thechapter};
\node[
rotate=90,
anchor=south,
font=\color{black}\Large\normalfont
] at ([xshift=-5pt]num.west) {\textls[180]{\textsc{\chaptertitlename}}};
\end{tikzpicture}%
}
{10pt}
{\titlerule[2.5pt]\vskip3pt\titlerule\vskip4pt\LARGE\sffamily}
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\chapter{Betratronic motion in a synchrotron}
\end{document}
An unnumbered chapter:

A numbered chapter:

A TikZ-free option:
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage{microtype}
\definecolor{myblue}{RGB}{0,82,155}
\titleformat{\chapter}[display]
{\normalfont\bfseries\color{myblue}}
{\filleft\hspace*{-60pt}%
\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{%
\normalfont\color{black}\Large%
\textls[180]{\textsc{\chaptertitlename}}%
}\hspace{10pt}%
{\setlength\fboxsep{0pt}%
\colorbox{myblue}{\parbox[c][3cm][c]{2.5cm}{%
\centering\color{white}\fontsize{80}{90}\selectfont\thechapter}%
}}%
}
{10pt}
{\titlerule[2.5pt]\vskip3pt\titlerule\vskip4pt\LARGE\sffamily}
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\chapter{Betratronic motion in a synchrotron}
\end{document}
An unnumbered chapter:

A numbered chapter:

Some remarks:
The titlesec package was used to easily change the formatting for chapter headings.
The microtype package was used to use \textls to space out the letters in "Chapter".
The lmodern package was used just to have access to a 80pt font size.
I used TikZ in the first solution to quickly place some of the elements; the second option is a TikZ-free solution.
memoirto generate this. – nickie Apr 03 '14 at 18:15scrbook; Customizing chapter style withtikz. As it stands, this is very much a do-it-for-me question... – Werner Apr 03 '14 at 18:33