One option using the layout package to get a diagram showing the relevant parts and their dimensions:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[a5paper,hmargin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{layout}
\begin{document}
\layout
\end{document}

Or, anothe approach using tikzpagenodes to get a visual demarcation of the relevant areas:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=4cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikzpagenodes}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\draw[blue,line width=2mm]
(current page.south west)
rectangle
(current page.north east);
\draw[green]
(current page text area.south west)
rectangle
(current page text area.north east);
\draw[yellow]
(current page marginpar area.south west)
rectangle
(current page marginpar area.north east);
\draw[red]
(current page header area.south west)
rectangle
(current page header area.north east);
\draw[orange]
(current page footer area.south west)
rectangle
(current page footer area.north east);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Another possibility is to use the layouts package:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[marginparwidth=1cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{layouts}
\begin{document}
\currentpage
\oddpagelayouttrue
\pagedesign
\end{document}

layoutpackage. – egreg Apr 09 '14 at 08:58