TL;DR
Ditch mcode and use the matlab-prettifier package instead :p
Detailed answer
You're loading the mcode package with its useliterate option, which defines, among others, a literate replacement for delta:
literate=%
%...
{delta}{{\tiny$\Delta$}}1 % \Delta
%...
The mcode package actually defines many other literate replacements (such as <= by ≤); some of them are used as a rudimentary way of highlighting MATLAB's end keyword differently, depending on whether it means "last element of an array", as in
x(2:end)
or whether it closes a block (loop, if statement, etc.), as in
for i=1:10
%...
end
You may find some of those literate replacements undesirable (as I do), but mcode doesn't provide an easy way to disable them without also breaking the mechanisms put in place for highlighting the end keyword.
You have two options, here:
1 - Stick with mcode but get rid of undesirable literate replacement(s)
This approach is a pain in the neck, but that's what you have to do if you insist on using mcode. In your preamble, after loading the mcode package with options,
\usepackage[framed,numbered,autolinebreaks,useliterate]{mcode}
add the following lines:
\makeatletter
\ifmcode@useliterate
\lstset{%
literate=%
{~}{{$\neg$}}1 %
{<=}{{\tiny$\leq$}}1 %
{>=}{{\tiny$\geq$}}1 %
{~=}{{\tiny$\neq$}}1 %
%{delta}{{\tiny$\Delta$}}1 % comment this one out
{µ}{{$\mu$}}1 %
{(end)}{\lstbasicfont (end)}{5}
{({ }end)}{\lstbasicfont ({ }end)}{6}
{(end{ })}{\lstbasicfont (end{ })}{6}
{({ }end{ })}{\lstbasicfont ({ }end{ })}{7}
{:end}{\lstbasicfont :end}{4}
{:{ }end}{\lstbasicfont :{ }end}{5}
{end:}{\lstbasicfont end:}{4}
{end{ }:}{\lstbasicfont end{ }:}{5}
{,end}{\lstbasicfont ,end}{4}
{,{ }end}{\lstbasicfont ,{ }end}{5}
}
\else
\lstset{%
literate=%
{(end)}{\lstbasicfont (end)}{5} %
{({ }end)}{\lstbasicfont ({ }end)}{6}
{(end{ })}{\lstbasicfont (end{ })}{6}
{({ }end{ })}{\lstbasicfont ({ }end{ })}{7}
{:end}{\lstbasicfont :end}{4}
{:{ }end}{\lstbasicfont :{ }end}{5}
{end:}{\lstbasicfont end:}{4}
{end{ }:}{\lstbasicfont end{ }:}{5}
{,end}{\lstbasicfont ,end}{4}
{,{ }end}{\lstbasicfont ,{ }end}{5}
{µ}{$\mu$}1
{~}{{\fontfamily{ptm}\selectfont\texttildelow}}1 %
}
\fi
\makeatother
2 - Ditch mcode and use the matlab-prettifier package instead
Don't load mcode at all; just add the following to your preamble.
\usepackage[framed,numbered]{matlab-prettifier}
\lstset{
style = Matlab-editor,
basicstyle = \fontfamily{pcr}\selectfont\footnotesize, % if you want to use Courier
}
matlab-prettifier doesn't force any such literate replacements on users, and, although I'm biased, it arguably does a better job at highlighting MATLAB code than mcode does; see this answer, for instance.