My MWE:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\newcommand{\sgn}{\operatorname{sgn}}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[!htpb]
\centering
\caption{Commonly used candidate CLFs.}
\begin{tabular}{cll}
\hline \hline
CLF\# & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$V(x)$} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\dot{V}(x)$} \\ \hline
1 & $\frac{1}{2}x^2$ & $x\dot{x}$ \\
2 & $|x|$ & $\sgn(x)$ \\
3 & $\sqrt{|x|}$ & $\sgn(x)\frac{1}{2}|x|^{-\frac{1}{2}}\dot{x}$ \\
4 & $ln(x^2+1)$ & $2x\dot{x}\left (x^2 +1 \right ) ^{-1}$ \\
5 & $\left [ln(x+1) \right ]^2$ & $x\dot{x} \cdot \log[x+1](x+1)^{-1}$ \\ \hline \hline
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:CLF}
\end{table}
\end{document}
The result:

Now I don't like the spacing for the first two rows of the table, because $\dot{V}(x)$ and $\frac{1}{2}x^2$ are too close to the horizontal lines. Is there an easy way to add some vertical space while keeping the text vertically centered?
and\belowcaptionskipnot being exchanged when caption is put on top. Simply load thecaption` package for that. – Bernard Dec 19 '14 at 19:37