can anybody help me to draw this minimal example of an xy axis? I couldn't find anything similar on the forum.
The axis should be black but the grid behind it a shade o gray, dashed. It would be great if the axis were a little bit thicker than the grid also.
with TiKZ:
\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
\draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
\draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
dashed after help lines and the grid will be built with dashed lines.
– Ignasi
Jan 13 '15 at 16:26
Why pgfplots is left out?
\documentclass[border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.11}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[grid=both,ymin=-5,ymax=5,xmax=5,xmin=-5,xticklabel=\empty,yticklabel=\empty,
minor tick num=1,axis lines = middle,xlabel=$x$,ylabel=$y$,label style =
{at={(ticklabel cs:1.1)}}]
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
axis equal=true to have the same scale in both axes.
– Pier Paolo
Jan 13 '15 at 19:47
A PSTricks solution:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pst-plot}
\begin{document}
% parameter
\def\size{5} % natural number
\begin{pspicture}(-\size,-\size)(\size.57,\size.62)% found manually
\multido{\iA = -\size+1}{\numexpr2*\size+1}{%
\multido{\iB = -\size+1}{\numexpr2*\size+1}{%
\psset{linewidth = 0.5\pslinewidth, linestyle = dashed, linecolor = gray!50}
\psline(-\size,\iA)(\size,\iA)
\psline(\iB,-\size)(\iB,\size)}}
\psaxes[labels = none]{->}(0,0)(-\size,-\size)(\size.21,\size.21)[$x$,0][$y$,90]
\end{pspicture}
\end{document}
All you have to do is choose the value of \size and the drawing will be adjusted accordingly.
I've drawn the grid manually since pstricks-add's function for this makes it look wierd, I think.
And here is a fairly generic Metapost approach to making a grid. Follow the link for an introduction to Metapost and how to use this code in a LaTeX document.
prologues := 3;
outputtemplate := "%j%c.eps";
beginfig(1);
u = 1cm;
ymax = xmax = 4.75;
xmin = ymin = -4.75;
path xx, yy;
xx = ((xmin,0) -- (xmax,0)) scaled u;
yy = ((0,ymin) -- (0,ymax)) scaled u;
drawoptions(dashed evenly scaled .5 withcolor .7 white);
for i = ceiling ymin upto floor ymax: draw xx shifted (0,i*u); endfor
for i = ceiling xmin upto floor xmax: draw yy shifted (i*u,0); endfor
drawoptions(withpen pencircle scaled .7);
xx := xx scaled 1.05;
yy := yy scaled 1.05;
drawarrow xx;
drawarrow yy;
drawoptions();
label.rt (btex $x$ etex, point infinity of xx);
label.top(btex $y$ etex, point infinity of yy);
endfig;
end.
Just a simple way, easy to adapt, (but the lines or not dashed).
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tkzInit[xmin=-5,xmax=5,ymin=-5,ymax=5]
\tkzGrid[sub,color=gray, subxstep=.5,subystep=.5]
\tkzAxeXY[very thick]
\tkzGrid
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
tkz-euclide I think is underappreciated. it is always my go to tikz-based package for quick plots.
– hpesoj626
Sep 10 '19 at 02:49
A stack was too much to resist, so onto the bandwagon I jump.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[usestackEOL]{stackengine}
\usepackage{xcolor,graphicx,amssymb}
\setstackgap{L}{1cm}
\def\stacktype{L}
% DASHED LINE OF SPECIFIED LENGTH
% From morsburg at http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/12537/
% how-can-i-make-a-horizontal-dashed-line/12553#12553
\def\solidfill{\cleaders\hbox to .1cm{\rule{.1cm}{1pt}}\hfill}
\def\dashfill{\cleaders\hbox to .2cm{\rule{.05cm}{.4pt}}\hfill}
\newcommand\dashline[1]{\hbox to #1{\dashfill\hfil}}
\newcommand\solidline[1]{\hbox to #1{\solidfill\hfil}}
\newcommand\DL{\textcolor{black!30}{\dashline{8.6cm}}}
\newcommand\SL{\textcolor{black}{\solidline{8.8cm}}\makebox[.2cm][r]{\arrowhead}}
\def\arrowhead{\raisebox{-2.6pt}{$\blacktriangleright$}}
\begin{document}
\savestack\partA{\Longstack{\DL\\ \DL\\ \DL\\ \DL\\ \SL\\ \DL\\ \DL\\ \DL\\ \DL}}
\stackinset{c}{10pt}{t}{3pt}{$y$}{%
\stackinset{r}{3pt}{c}{-10pt}{$x$}{%
\stackon[-.5cm]{\partA}{\rotatebox{90}{\partA}}%
}}
\end{document}
No graphics question is complete without a picture mode solution:
\documentclass[border=2pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\unitlength=1cm
\begin{document}
\begin{picture}(10.5,10.5)(-5,-5)
{\color{gray}
\thinlines
\multiput(-5,-4)(0,1){9}{\line(1,0){10}}
\multiput(-4,-5)(1,0){9}{\line(0,1){10}}
}
\thicklines
\put(-5,0){\vector(1,0){10.2}}
\put(0,-5){\vector(0,1){10.2}}
\put(5.3,0){\makebox(1,0)[l]{$x$}}
\put(0,5.3){\makebox(0,1)[b]{$y$}}
\end{picture}
\end{document}
My own try with MetaPost, which is integrated into a LuaLaTeX program. I've picked up some macros I had already created for my own use (and modified some of them slightly).
\documentclass[12pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{unicode-math}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\everymplib{verbatimtex \leavevmode etex;
def hgrid(expr ymin, ymax, ystep, u, v)(text mycolor) =
for j = ceiling(ymin) step ystep until floor(ymax):
draw ((xmin, j) -- (xmax, j)) xscaled u yscaled v withcolor mycolor;
endfor;
enddef;
def vgrid(expr xmin, xmax, xstep, u, v)(text mycolor) =
for i = ceiling(xmin) step xstep until floor(xmax):
draw ((i, ymin) -- (i, ymax)) xscaled u yscaled v withcolor mycolor;
endfor;
enddef;
vardef xaxis(expr xmin, xmax, u) = ((xmin, 0) -- (xmax, 0)) scaled u enddef;
vardef yaxis(expr ymin, ymax, v) = ((0, ymin) -- (0, ymax)) scaled v enddef;
beginfig(1);}
\everyendmplib{endfig;}
\begin{document}
\begin{mplibcode}
u := 1cm; v := 1.25cm;
xmin = -4.9; xmax = 4.9; ymin = -4.5; ymax = 4.5;
vgrid(xmin, xmax, 1, u, v, 0.8white dashed evenly);
hgrid(ymin, ymax, 1, u, v, 0.8white dashed evenly);
pickup pencircle scaled 1bp;
drawarrow xaxis(xmin, xmax, u); drawarrow yaxis(ymin, ymax, v);
label.bot(btex $x$ etex, (xmax*u, 0)); label.lft(btex $y$ etex, (0, ymax*v));
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}
Result as expected:
This time with the mfpic package, which is a (La)TeX interface to MetaPost or Metafont (here used MetaPost). Note that this program is shorter than my correponding MetaPost coding, since mfpic already has its own drawing macros.
In exchange it requires several compilations, à la bibTeX: first compile your LaTeX file, say grid.tex, with LaTeX, then the created grid.mp file with MetaPost, and then again grid.tex with LaTeX. As a regular mfpic user I use a script which automatizes this.
\documentclass[12pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[metapost]{mfpic}
\setlength{\mfpicunit}{1cm}
\opengraphsfile{\jobname}
\begin{document}
\begin{mfpic}[1]{-4.9}{4.9}{-4.5}{4.5}
\drawcolor[gray]{0.8}
\begin{mfpfor}{i = ceiling(\xmin) step 1 until floor(\xmax)}
\dashed\lines{(i, \ymin), (i, \ymax)}
\end{mfpfor}
\begin{mfpfor}{j = ceiling(\ymin) step 1 until floor(\ymax)}
\dashed\lines{(\xmin, j), (\xmax, j)}
\end{mfpfor}
\drawcolor{black}
\penwd{1bp}
\doaxes{xy}
\tlpointsep{3bp}
\tlabels{[tc](\xmax, 0){$x$} [cr](0, \ymax){$y$}}
\end{mfpic}
\closegraphsfile
\end{document}
Result:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pst-plot}
\begin{document}
\begin{pspicture}(-5.4,-5.4)(5.4,5.4)
\psaxes[labels=none,ticklinestyle=dashed,ticksize=-5 5,
tickcolor=black!20](0,0)(-5,-5)(5,5)[$x$,0][$y$,90]
\psaxes[labels=none]{->}(0,0)(-5,-5)(5,5)
\end{pspicture}
\end{document}
An alternative MWE with PSTricks.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pstricks-add}
\begin{document}
\begin{pspicture}(-5,-5)(5,5)
\psgrid[griddots=10,gridlabels=0pt, subgriddiv=0, gridcolor=darkgray]
\psaxes[linewidth=1.2pt, labels=all]{->}(0,0)(-5,-5)(5,5)[$x$,-90][$y$,-180]
\end{pspicture}
\end{document}
\begin{figure[ht]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture]\draw[step=0.5cm,opacity=0.5] (-5,-5) grid (5,5);
\draw[Triangle-Triangle,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[below right]{$x$};
\draw[Triangle-Triangle,ultra thick] (0,5) node[above left]{$y$}--(0,-5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
