add vertical space between equations

Question

I am using the following code to combine two equations with one number in parentheses but the two equations are very close to each other and using '\vspace{} not working

How can i add a vertical space between these two equations ?

\begin{equation}
 \begin{aligned}
T_{P} = K_{T}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{4}_{p} \\ 
Q_{P} = K_{Q}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{5}_{p}
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

enter image description here

score 124 · Accepted Answer · answered Jan 20 '15 at 10:11

124

You can manually add a vertical distance to each line-break. I hope, this is what you want.

% arara: pdflatex

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}
\setcounter{equation}{2}
\begin{equation}
    \begin{aligned}
        T_{P} &= K_{T}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{4}_{p} \\[1pt]
        Q_{P} &= K_{Q}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{5}_{p} \\[10pt]
        N_{P} &= K_{N}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{6}_{p} \\[100pt]
        K_{P} &= K_{K}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{7}_{p}
    \end{aligned}
\end{equation}
\end{document}

enter image description here

answered Jan 20 '15 at 10:11

LaRiFaRi

43,807

@AmeenMohamedBassam Glad to hear that. You are welcome. – LaRiFaRi Jan 20 '15 at 11:16
Do you know what the default is? – minseong Sep 20 '17 at 16:17
@theonlygusti that should be 1\jot – LaRiFaRi Sep 21 '17 at 16:00
what does arara stands for? – alper Aug 23 '22 at 16:30
@alper https://github.com/islandoftex/arara – LaRiFaRi Aug 24 '22 at 12:18

karlkoeller · Answer 2 · 2015-01-20T12:06:45.773

You can also modify the length \jot if you don't want to manually specify the skips for each line. For example

\setlength{\jot}{10pt}

If you want the change to be localised to that equation, insert the line inside the equation environment, as in the following example

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}

an equation with more spacing

\begin{equation}
\setlength{\jot}{10pt}
    \begin{aligned}
        T_{P} &= K_{T}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{4}_{p} \\
        Q_{P} &= K_{Q}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{5}_{p} \\
        N_{P} &= K_{N}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{6}_{p} \\
        K_{P} &= K_{K}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{7}_{p}
    \end{aligned}
\end{equation}

and a normal one

\begin{equation}
    \begin{aligned}
        T_{P} &= K_{T}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{4}_{p} \\
        Q_{P} &= K_{Q}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{5}_{p} \\
        N_{P} &= K_{N}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{6}_{p} \\
        K_{P} &= K_{K}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{7}_{p}
    \end{aligned}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

Output

enter image description here

@AmeenMohamedBassam You are welcome. – karlkoeller Jan 21 '15 at 11:47 — karlkoeller, Jan 21 '15 at 11:47
This isn't working on math stackexchange. – Kyle Delaney Sep 26 '17 at 14:39 — Kyle Delaney, Sep 26 '17 at 14:39
Not working. I can see no changes in the final output. – Antonio Sesto Oct 23 '17 at 13:23 — Antonio Sesto, Oct 23 '17 at 13:23

score 0 · Answer 3 · answered Mar 25 '22 at 16:16

I think the easiest way to provide a vertical space between two equations could be adding a line which has no numbering using \nonumber command, just as below:

\begin{flalign}
    T_{P} = K_{T}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{4}_{p} \\ 
    \nonumber \\
    Q_{P} = K_{Q}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{5}_{p} \nonumber
\end{flalign}

I realized you want to set just one number for both equations, in this method you should manually control each line to have numbering or not.

score -1 · Answer 4 · answered Nov 19 '19 at 18:56

-1

Infinitely simpler method:

    \begin{equation}
        \begin{aligned}
            T_{P} &= K_{T}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{4}_{p} \\ \noalign{\vskip1pt}
            Q_{P} &= K_{Q}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{5}_{p} \\ \noalign{\vskip10pt}
            N_{P} &= K_{N}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{6}_{p} \\ \noalign{\vskip100pt}
            K_{P} &= K_{K}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{7}_{p}
        \end{aligned}
    \end{equation}

This uses low-level TeX commands (\noalign and \vskip) and so requires no loading of extraneous packages. You can find this method in the TeXBook.

answered Nov 19 '19 at 18:56

Phil Regalia

1

1

The package (amsmath) that defines aligned also defines the use of the [...] modification and the value of \jot, so no additional packages are required. Also, although the suggested per-line modification works in this case, it's not always reliable (i.e., it may not work as expected in other situations that look equivalent), and the use of low-level TeX commands isn't recommended in LaTeX. (But good for reading the TeXbook, to understand the structure on which LaTeX is built.) – barbara beeton Nov 19 '19 at 19:21
A package that doesn't interoperate with low-level TeX commands should be arguably be avoided, since it is likely introducing other incompatibilities. – Phil Regalia Nov 19 '19 at 22:47
1

@PhilRegalia your comment really is rather odd as \jot is provided by the latex format so no package is needed for that, but aligned which you are using does requre loading a package, amsmath so what do you mean by "requires no loading of extraneous packages" ? – David Carlisle Nov 20 '19 at 01:24
1

amsmath is the standard math support for LaTeX maintained in the same repository as the base format, you can not "arguably avoid" amsmath if you are typesetting math in latex. – David Carlisle Nov 20 '19 at 01:26

add vertical space between equations

4 Answers4

Linked