Folium of Descartes

Question

How to fill region on Folium of Descartes like this:

Here is my codes:

\documentclass[10pt]{article}
\usepackage{pstricks-add}
\usepackage{pst-func}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[!ht]
\centering
\psset{algebraic=true,dimen=middle,dotstyle=o,linewidth=0.8pt,arrowsize=3pt 2,arrowinset=0.25,unit=4}
\begin{pspicture*}(-.5,-.5)(2,2)
\psaxes[linecolor=gray,xAxis=true,yAxis=true,labels=none,ticks=none]{->}(0,0)(-.5,-.5)(2,2)
\psplotImp[linecolor=blue,linewidth=1.5pt,plotpoints=500](0,0)(2,2){y^3-3*x*y+x^3}

\end{pspicture*}
\caption{Folium Descartes}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

Answer 1

You can fill if you use \parametricplot:

\documentclass[10pt,x11names]{article}
\usepackage{pstricks-add}
\usepackage{auto-pst-pdf}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[!ht]
\centering
\psset{algebraic=true,dimen=middle,dotstyle=o,linewidth=0.8pt,arrowsize=3pt 2,arrowinset=0.25,unit=3,plotpoints=2000}
\begin{pspicture*}(-2,-2)(2,2)
 \psset{linecolor=SteelBlue4, linewidth=1.2pt}
 \pscustom[fillstyle=solid, fillcolor=lightgray!25!LightSteelBlue2!10!]{
 \parametricplot{-0.99}{0}{3*t/(1 + t^3) | 3*t^2/(1 + t^3)}
 \parametricplot{-600}{-1.01}{3*t/(1 + t^3) | 3*t^2/(1 + t^3)}
 }
\pscustom[fillstyle=solid, fillcolor=LightSteelBlue2!25! ]{
 \parametricplot{0}{200}{3*t/(1 + t^3) | 3*t^2/(1 + t^3)}
 }
 \psline[linewidth=0.4pt, linecolor=black](-2.5; 45)(2.5 ; 45)
 \psline[linewidth=0.4pt, linecolor=black](-2,1)(2,-3)
\psaxes[linecolor=gray,xAxis=true,yAxis=true,labels=none,ticks=none]{->}(0,0)(-2,-2)(2,2)
\end{pspicture*}
\caption{Folium of Descartes}
\end{figure}

\end{document} 

Answer 2

Done with mfpic, a LaTeX interface to MetaPost. To draw the folium you can use the cartesian form directly, thanks to the handy \levelcurve command of this package, so long as you write it as an inequation and you provide a point that verifies this inequation (here (1, 1)). The resulting curve is filled with the \gfill command with the desired color as an option.

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage[metapost]{mfpic}
  \setlength{\mfpicunit}{1cm}
  \opengraphsfile{\jobname}
\begin{document}
\begin{mfpic}[2]{-0.5}{2}{-0.5}{2}
  \draw\gfill[blue+green]\levelcurve{(1, 1), 0.01}{y**3 - 3x*y + x**3 < 0}
  \doaxes{xy}
\end{mfpic}
\closegraphsfile
\end{document}

To be compiled first with (PDF)LaTeX, then with MetaPost, and finally with (PDF)LaTeX. The result is as follows:

Answer 3

In Metapost, you could just make the folium a closed path and fill it.

I've used the (rather simpler) polar form of the equation below.

prologues := 3;
outputtemplate := "%j%c.eps";

beginfig(1);

u := 2cm;

path xx, yy, folium;

xx = (1/2 left -- 2 right) scaled u;
yy = (1/2 down -- 2 up)    scaled u;

drawarrow xx withcolor .4 white;
drawarrow yy withcolor .4 white;

folium = (origin 
  for theta=1 step 1  until 89:  
    -- (3*sind(theta)*cosd(theta)/(sind(theta)**3+cosd(theta)**3),0) rotated theta
  endfor 
  -- cycle) scaled u;

fill folium withcolor .9[blue,white];
draw folium withcolor .67 blue;

endfig;
end.

And here's a fuller version, with the equation moved to a function, and showing how to extend the folium and pick out the loop as a sub path of it.

prologues := 3;
outputtemplate := "%j%c.eps";

beginfig(2);

u := 2cm;

path xx, yy, folium, loop, asymptote;

xx = (2 left -- 2 right) scaled u;
yy = (2 down -- 2 up)    scaled u;

drawarrow xx withcolor .4 white;
drawarrow yy withcolor .4 white;

% "a" is the scale factor
a = 1;
vardef r(expr t) = right scaled (3*a*sind(t)*cosd(t)/(sind(t)**3+cosd(t)**3)) 
                         rotated t enddef;

% define the folium with some wings 
b = 30; % should be less than 45
folium = (r(-b) for theta=1-b step 1 until 89+b: -- r(theta) endfor -- r(90+b)) scaled u;

% define the loop to be the part from theta=0 to theta=90
loop = subpath(b,b+89) of folium -- cycle;

% define an appropriate segment of the asymptote
asymptote = ( xpart point 0        of folium,    -xpart point 0        of folium-a*u) 
         -- (-ypart point infinity of folium-a*u, ypart point infinity of folium    );

% now draw them
fill loop withcolor .9[blue,white];
draw folium withcolor .67 blue;
draw asymptote dashed evenly;

endfig;
end.

Answer 4

The folium of Descartes in parametric form with Asymptote (pun intended):

// file fod.asy
// 
// to get fod.pdf, run `asy -f pdf fod.asy` 
//
size(8cm);
import graph;
import fontsize;
defaultpen(fontsize(9pt));

texpreamble("\usepackage{lmodern}");

pen curvepen=darkblue+0.8bp;
pen linepen=darkred+0.8bp;
pen fillpen=orange+opacity(0.5);

real 
xmin=-20, xmax=-xmin, 
ymin=-20, ymax=-ymin; 

xaxis(xmin,xmax,RightTicks(Step=10,step=5,OmitTick(0)));
yaxis(ymin,ymax, LeftTicks(Step=10,step=5,OmitTick(0)));

real a=10;

real r(real t){return 3*a*sin(t)*cos(t)/(sin(t)^3+cos(t)^3);}; 

real tmin=-0.16pi, tmax=pi/2-tmin;

guide 
loop=polargraph(r,0,pi/2)--cycle,
curve=polargraph(r,tmin,tmax);

fill(loop, fillpen);
draw(curve,curvepen);

pair 
p=point(curve,0),
q=point(curve,length(curve));

draw((p.x,-p.x-a)--(-q.y-a,q.y),linepen);

A little more advanced example:

// file fodsp.asy
// 
// to get fodsp.pdf, run `asy -f pdf fodsp.asy` 
//
size(8cm);
import graph;
import fontsize; defaultpen(fontsize(9pt));
texpreamble("\usepackage{lmodern}");

pen[] fillpen={
  red, orange, yellow, green, lightblue, blue, darkblue
};

real 
xmin=0, xmax=20, 
ymin=0, ymax=20; 

xaxis(xmin,xmax,RightTicks(Step=10,step=5));
yaxis(ymin,ymax, LeftTicks(Step=10,step=5));

real ra(real t, real a){return 3*a*sin(t)*cos(t)/(sin(t)^3+cos(t)^3);}; 
real r(real);
guide loop;

real a, a0=10, da=1;
int n=fillpen.length;

real t; pair p;
a=a0;
for(int i=0;i<n;++i){  
  r=new real(real t){return ra(t,a);};
  loop =polargraph(r,0,pi/2)--cycle;  
  filldraw(loop, 0.7fillpen[i]+0.3white,fillpen[i]);
  t=atan(2^(1/3));
  p=r(t)*(cos(t),sin(t));
  unfill(circle(p,0.7));
  label("$"+string(a)+"$",p);  
  a-=da; 
}

label("$r(\theta)=\displaystyle"
+"\frac{3 a \sin\theta\cos\theta}{\sin^3\theta+\cos^3\theta}$, "
+"$\theta=[0,\frac\pi2]$, "
+"$a="+string(a0-(n-1)*da)+"$--$"+string(a0)+"$"
,((xmin+xmax)/2,ymax),S);

shipout(bbox(paleyellow,Fill));