LaTeX equivalent of MS Word Styles

Question

What are the LaTeX commands equivalents of MS Word Styles. I am looking for the commands for the following commonly used basic MS Word Styles:

1. Headings (Heading 1, Heading 2, Heading 3)
2. Lists (bullets, numbered lists, multilevel lists. with all the various list types displayed in the dropdowns of these lists in the MS Word Ribbon)
3. Indentations (shown in the MS Word Ribbon)
4. Fonts (font names/types displayed in the Font dropdown in MS Word, and the Font sizes)

Answer 1

1. Headings (Heading 1, Heading 2, Heading 3)

• \section{title}
• \subsection{title}
• …
• \paragraph{title}
• \subparagraph{title}

You can define others as necessary/appropriate, but I'd caution you against making the document structure too deep.

2. Lists (bullets, numbered lists, multilevel lists. with all the various list types displayed in the dropdowns of these lists in the MS Word Ribbon)

Use the {itemize} environment for bulleted lists; {enumerate} for numbered lists. If you want to have a multi-level list, just start another environment within the original:

\begin{itemize}
  \item thing one
  \item
    \begin{enumerate}
      \item thing two a
      \item thing two b
    \end{enumerate}
  \item thing three
    \begin{enumerate}
      \item thing three a
      \item thing three b
    \end{enumerate}
  \item one more thing!
\end{itemize}

For custom item indicators, check out the enumerate package or the more powerful enumitem package. (The latter makes it easy to define entirely new types of lists. This is good for semantic markup.) If there is some symbol that you don't know how to make in LaTeX, see How to look up a symbol or identify a math symbol or character?.

3. Indentations (shown in the MS Word Ribbon)

Indentation of paragraphs is handled automatically. Quotations should be set with either the {quote} or the {quotation} environment (there is a difference between the two; see What's the difference between the environments quote and quotation?). For other indentation needs, see How can I change the margins for only part of the text?.

4. Fonts (font names/types displayed in the Font dropdown in MS Word, and the Font sizes)

If you would like to stick with pdfLaTeX, see the font catalog. However, if you would like to use all of the fonts available to your system, just use XeLaTeX or LuaLaTeX. (XeLaTeX is simplest, in my opinion.) This will allow you to use the fontspec package and say things like

\setmainfont{Comic Sans MS}
\setmonofont{Wingdings}
% etc.

To change font sizes, use:

This text is normal size, but
\large
all of this text is pretty big!
Except for a couple
{\Large really} big
{\LARGE obnoxiously} large
{\Huge words}.
You can get back down to size with some
{\normalsize normal text}.
If you're feeling
{\small small}, you can get really
{\tiny tiny}, but you can also imitate other sizes like
{\footnotesize footnotes} and
{\scriptsize subscripts and superscripts}.