\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{listings}
\newenvironment{hello}{\begin{lstlisting}[language=sh]}{\end{lstlisting}}
\begin{document}
\begin{hello}
ls
\end{hello}
\end{document}
The code cannot be compiled by xelatex, the compiler is hung.
What's the root cause?
listings is essentially a verbatim environment that turns off normal latex processing, in particular \end{hello} does not end the environment.
The package has facilities for defining custom environments, see section 4.16 of the listings manual.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{listings}
\lstnewenvironment{hello}{\lstset{language=sh}}{}
\begin{document}
\begin{hello}
ls
\end{hello}
\end{document}