Organizing automatons in boxes and add links between them

Question

I have the following three automaton : enter image description here

I want to put them in boxes and add some link, such that I can get something like this: enter image description here

Here is my code :

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{etex}
\usepackage[version=0.96]{pgf}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,arrows,shapes,snakes,automata,backgrounds,petri}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[->,node distance=1.3cm,>=stealth',bend angle=20,auto]
  \tikzstyle{place}=[circle,thick,draw=blue!75,fill=blue!20,minimum size=10mm]
  \tikzstyle{red place}=[place,draw=red!75,fill=red!20]
  \tikzstyle{every label}=[red]

  \begin{scope}[local bounding box=scope1,every node/.style={scale=.4}]
% First net
    \node [initial, place] (l0)  {$l0$};
    \node [place] (l1) [xshift=2cm,yshift=-4cm]{$l1$};
    \node [place] (l2) [xshift=-2cm,yshift=-4cm]{$l2$};

    \path (l0) edge [in=30, out=60,loop] node{$eq0$} (l0)
           edge [in=150, out=120,loop] node[above]{$set0$} (l0)
           edge [bend left] node{$set1$} (l1)
           edge [bend right] node[left]{$set2$} (l2)
      (l1) edge [in=60, out=30,loop] node[above]{$set1$} (l1)
           edge [in=-60, out=-30,loop] node[below]{$eq1$} (l1)
           edge [bend left] node[right]{$set0$} (l0)
           edge [bend right] node[above]{$set2$} (l2)
      (l2) edge [in=120, out=150,loop] node[above]{$set2$} (l2)
           edge [in=240, out=210,loop] node[below]{$eq2$} (l2)
           edge [bend right] node[left]{$set0$} (l0)
           edge [bend right] node[below]{$set1$} (l1);
  \end{scope}

  \begin{scope}[shift={($(scope1.east)+(3cm,0)$)},every node/.style={scale=.4}]
% First net
    \node [initial, place] (l1)  {idle};
    \node [place] (l2) [right of=l1,xshift=3cm,label=above:$x\le k$]{req};
    \node [place] (l3)  [below of=l2,yshift=-3cm] {wait};
    \node [place] (l4) [left of=l3,xshift=-3cm]                       {cs};

    \path (l1) edge node[align=center, pos=0.5]{$try\quad reset\{x\}$ } (l2)
          (l2) edge node[align=center, pos=0.5, swap]{$set$ \\ $reset\{x\}$} (l3)
          (l3) edge node[align=center, pos=0.5]{$enter\quad x > k$} (l4)
               edge [bend right] node[align=center, pos=0.5, swap]{$retry$ \\ $reset\{x\}$} (l2)
          (l4) edge node[align=center,pos=0.5]{$exit$} (l1);
  \end{scope}

  \begin{scope}[shift={($(scope1.west)+(-3cm,0)$)},every node/.style={scale=.4}]
% First net
    \node [initial, place] (l1)  {idle};
    \node [place] (l2) [right of=l1,xshift=3cm,label=above:$x\le k$]{req};
    \node [place] (l3)  [below of=l2,yshift=-3cm] {wait};
    \node [place] (l4) [left of=l3,xshift=-3cm]                       {cs};

    \path (l1) edge node[align=center, pos=0.5]{$try\quad reset\{x\}$ } (l2)
          (l2) edge node[align=center, pos=0.5, swap]{$set$ \\ $reset\{x\}$} (l3)
          (l3) edge node[align=center, pos=0.5]{$enter\quad x > k$} (l4)
               edge [bend right] node[align=center, pos=0.5, swap]{$retry$ \\ $reset\{x\}$} (l2)
         (l4) edge node[align=center,pos=0.5]{$exit$} (l1);
  \end{scope}

  \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
    \filldraw [line width=4mm,join=round,black!10]
     ([yshift=0.5cm]l3  -| l3.east)  rectangle (l4.south  -| l1.west);
  \end{pgfonlayer}


\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

I am trying to put these automaton in rectangles and to align them but I could not figure out an efficient way to do it. Any helps would be great.

Many thanks

When posting code, could you please make complete examples, so that we can copy-paste and compile the code without making modifications? (Finding the right libraries, defining missing styles (e.g. initial) etc.) — Torbjørn T., Jun 29 '15 at 12:56
you can just put this code in a file.tex and then add \input{file} to your main .tex file. initial is just to say which stat is the initial state of the automaton... — Mr. D, Jun 29 '15 at 13:36
No you can't, you'll get an error saying that \usepackage can only be used in the preamble. To make it into a proper minimal working example, you only would have needed to add a documentclass and document environment, as I did in my edit. It's the automata library that defines the initial style, and if you're not familiar with it, it's a bit hard to guess. — Torbjørn T., Jun 29 '15 at 13:40

score 4 · Accepted Answer · edited Apr 13 '17 at 12:35

Here is one suggestion. Instead of using scopes and shifting those around, I place one of the lower nodes of the two automata on the sides relative to the closest of the lower nodes on the center one. The rectangles are drawn afterwards with the help of the fit library.

Other remarks:

I've changed from of= to =of, and loaded the positioning library. This is the recommended way to do relative positioning, see Difference between "right of=" and "right=of" in PGF/TikZ
I moved all the style definitions into the optional argument for the tikzpicture. tikzstyle is not the 'official' way of defining styles. See Is there something like \providetikzstyle similar to \providecommand? and Should \tikzset or \tikzstyle be used to define TikZ styles?
The ncbar style comes from Is there a TikZ equivalent to the PSTricks \ncbar command?
Are you using $ ... $ to get italics? That's wrong. I'm not familiar with the conventions here, so my removal of all $ ... $ except where it's more obvious math (inequalities for example) may be wrong as well.

enter image description here

\documentclass[border=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{etex}
\usepackage[version=0.96]{pgf}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,arrows,shapes,snakes,automata,backgrounds,petri,positioning,fit}

\tikzset{
    ncbar angle/.initial=90,
    ncbar/.style={
        to path=(\tikztostart)
        -- ($(\tikztostart)!#1!\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/ncbar angle}:(\tikztotarget)$)
        -- ($(\tikztotarget)!($(\tikztostart)!#1!\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/ncbar angle}:(\tikztotarget)$)!\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/ncbar angle}:(\tikztostart)$)
        -- (\tikztotarget)
    },
    ncbar/.default=0.5cm,
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[->,node distance=1.3cm,>=stealth',bend angle=20,auto,
   place/.style={circle,thick,draw=blue!75,fill=blue!20,minimum size=10mm},
   red place/.style={place,draw=red!75,fill=red!20}
   every label/.style={red},
   every node/.style={scale=.4},
   dots/.style={fill=black,circle,inner sep=2pt}]


    \node [initial, place] (l0)  {$l0$};
    \node [place,below=of l0,xshift=2cm] (l1) {$l1$};
    \node [place,below=of l0,xshift=-2cm] (l2) {$l2$};

    \path (l0) edge [in=30, out=60,loop] node{eq0} (l0)
           edge [in=150, out=120,loop] node[above]{set0} (l0)
           edge [bend left] node{set1} (l1)
           edge [bend right] node[left]{set2} (l2)
      (l1) edge [in=60, out=30,loop] node[above]{set1} (l1)
           edge [in=-60, out=-30,loop] node[below]{eq1} (l1)
           edge [bend left] node[right]{set0} (l0)
           edge [bend right] node[above]{set2} (l2)
      (l2) edge [in=120, out=150,loop] node[above]{set2} (l2)
           edge [in=240, out=210,loop] node[below]{eq2} (l2)
           edge [bend right] node[left]{set0} (l0)
           edge [bend right] node[below]{set1} (l1);


    \node [place] (l2-3)  [left=1.8cm of l2] {wait};
    \node [place] (l2-2) [above=of l2-3,label=above:$x\le k$]{req};
    \node [place] (l2-4) [left=of l2-3]                       {cs};
    \node [initial, place, left=of l2-2] (l2-1)  {idle};


    \path (l2-1) edge node[align=center, pos=0.5]{try reset$\{x\}$ } (l2-2)
          (l2-2) edge node[align=center, pos=0.5, swap]{set \\ reset$\{x\}$} (l2-3)
          (l2-3) edge node[align=center, pos=0.5]{enter $x > k$} (l2-4)
               edge [bend right] node[align=center, pos=0.5, swap]{retry \\ reset$\{x\}$} (l2-2)
          (l2-4) edge node[align=center,pos=0.5]{exit} (l2-1);



   \node [place] (l3-4) [right=1.8cm of l1]                      {cs};
   \node [initial, place,above=of l3-4] (l3-1)  {idle};
   \node [place] (l3-2) [right=of l3-1,label=above:$x\le k$]{req};
   \node [place] (l3-3)  [right=of l3-4] {wait};


    \path (l3-1) edge node[align=center, pos=0.5]{try reset $\{x\}$ } (l3-2)
          (l3-2) edge node[align=center, pos=0.5, swap]{set \\ reset$\{x\}$} (l3-3)
          (l3-3) edge node[align=center, pos=0.5]{enter $x > k$} (l3-4)
               edge [bend right] node[align=center, pos=0.5, swap]{retry \\ reset$\{x\}$} (l3-2)
         (l3-4) edge node[align=center,pos=0.5]{exit} (l3-1);


  \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
    \filldraw [line width=4mm,join=round,black!10]
     ([yshift=0.5cm]l2-3  -| l2-3.east)  rectangle (l2-4.south  -| l2-1.west);
  \end{pgfonlayer}

\node [inner sep=3.2cm, draw, fit=(l0)(l1)(l2)] (rec1) {};
\node [inner sep=3.2cm, inner xsep=3.8cm, draw, fit=(l2-1)(l2-2)(l2-3)(l2-4)] (rec2) {};
\node [inner sep=3.2cm, ,inner xsep=3.8cm, draw, fit=(l3-1)(l3-2)(l3-3)(l3-4)] (rec3) {};

\node [dots,label=-90:sync1] (sync1) at ($(rec2.north west)!0.3!(rec2.north east)$) {};
\node [dots,label=-90:set1] (set1) at ($(rec2.north west)!0.7!(rec2.north east)$) {};
\node [dots,label=-90:sync3] (sync3) at ($(rec3.north west)!0.7!(rec3.north east)$) {};
\node [dots,label=-90:sync3] (set3) at ($(rec3.north west)!0.3!(rec3.north east)$) {};
\node [dots,label=-90:get1] (get1) at ($(rec1.north west)!0.2!(rec1.north east)$) {};
\node [dots,label=-90:get3] (get2) at ($(rec1.north west)!0.8!(rec1.north east)$) {};
\node [dots,label=-90:sync] (sync) at ($(rec1.north west)!0.5!(rec1.north east)$) {};

\node (a1) [coordinate,label=90:$a_1$] at ([yshift=1cm]sync) {};

\draw [-] (sync1) |- (a1) -- (sync);
\draw [-] (sync3) |- (a1);
\draw [-] (set1) to[ncbar] (get1);
\draw [-] (set3) to[ncbar=-0.5cm] (get2);

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Organizing automatons in boxes and add links between them

1 Answers1