References / bibliography - English and German literature

Question

I use German as well as English literature in my work (written in German). Switching between "Vol."/ "Jg." and "No." /"Nr." in the bibliography works fine, but unfortunately there are some issues that I was not able to manage:

1. When I use \cite, \footcite and so on, the reference in my text / footnotes looks like this: e.g. "Beasley/Pagach/Warr (2008a, p. 10)" instead of "Beasley/Pagach/Warr (2008a, S. 10)"
2. Furthermore the date format in my English references is mm/dd/yyyy, but I prefer the dd.mm.yyyy format.

3. Last but not least there is something wrong with my line spacing in the bibliography. the spacing is sometimes too large - please have a look at the reference "Thommen/Achleitner (2012b)".

   \documentclass[a4paper,bibliography=totoc,toc=listof,chapterentrydots=on,captions=tableheading,headings=small]{scrbook}
   \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}                 
   \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}                    
   \usepackage[ngerman,german,english]{babel}                                          
   \usepackage{lmodern}                                                                
   \usepackage[headsepline]{scrlayer-scrpage}                                          
   \usepackage{microtype}                                                              
   \usepackage{ragged2e}
   \usepackage[format=hang,skip=2.5pt,justification=RaggedRight,singlelinecheck=false,labelfont=bf]{caption}
   \usepackage{booktabs}
   \usepackage{tabularx}
   \usepackage{fp}
   \usepackage{tikz}
   \usepackage{xcolor}
   \usepackage{etoolbox}
   
   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   
   \usepackage[babel]{csquotes}
   \usepackage[backend=biber,citetracker=true,autolang=other,style=authoryear,maxcitenames=2,maxbibnames=99,uniquename=false,uniquelist=true,isbn=false,doi=false]{biblatex}
   \AtEveryCitekey{\ifciteseen{}{\defcounter{maxnames}{99}}}
   
   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   
   
   % --- Backslash Authors --- %
   \newcommand*{\citerevsdnamedelim}{} 
   \newcommand*{\citemultinamedelim}{\slash} 
   \newcommand*{\citefinalnamedelim}{\slash} 
   \AtBeginDocument{%
    \let\revsdnamedelim\citerevsdnamedelim 
    \let\multinamedelim\citemultinamedelim% 
    \let\finalnamedelim\citefinalnamedelim% 
   } 
   
   % --- Semikolon --- % 
   \renewcommand*{\multilistdelim}{\addsemicolon\space} 
   \renewcommand*{\finallistdelim}{\addsemicolon\space} 
   
   
   % --- () footnotes
   % --- () year footnotes
   \DeclareFieldFormat{bibhyperrefparens}{\bibhyperref{\mkbibparens{#1}}}
   
   \newbibmacro*{cite:parens:labelyear+extrayear}{%
     \iffieldundef{labelyear}
       {}
       {\printtext[bibhyperrefparens]{%
          \printfield{labelyear}%
          \printfield{extrayear}}}}
   
   \renewbibmacro*{cite}{%
     \iffieldundef{shorthand}
       {\ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{labelname}\OR\iffieldundef{labelyear}}
          {\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
           \setunit{\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}}}
          {\printnames{labelname}%
           \setunit{\printdelim{nameyeardelim}}}%
        \usebibmacro{cite:parens:labelyear+extrayear}}
       {\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}
   
   
   % --- authors footnotes / small caps text --- %
       \renewcommand*{\mkbibnamefamily}[1]{\textsc{#1}}
   
       \AtBeginBibliography{%
       \renewcommand*{\mkbibnamefamily}[1]{\textrm{#1}}}
   
   
   
   %%%%%%%%%% MODIFICATION: BIBLIOGRAPY %%%%%%%%%%
   
   % --- Sort authors --- % 
       \DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{last-first}
   
   % --- colon after author and year --- % 
       \renewcommand{\labelnamepunct}{\addcolon\space} 
   
   % --- No "-" for the same authors --- % 
       \ExecuteBibliographyOptions{dashed=false}        
   
   
   % --- more space between references --- % 
       \setlength{\bibitemsep}{0.5\baselineskip} 
   
   
   % - German vs. English literature - %
       \DefineBibliographyExtras{german}{
       \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{volume}{#1\adddot\addnbspace Jg\adddot\addcomma}   %Jg. Zeitschr. 
       \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{number}{\addspace Nr\adddot\addnbspace#1}          %Nr. Zeitschrift
       \DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{#1\adddot\addnbspace Aufl\adddot\addcomma}         %Auflage
       }
   
               \DefineBibliographyExtras{english}{
       \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{volume}{Vol\adddot\addnbspace #1\addcomma}         %Vol. Journal
       \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{number}{\addspace No\adddot\addnbspace#1}          %No. Journal
       \DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{#1\adddot\addnbspace Ed\adddot\addcomma}           %Edition
       }
   
       %\DeclareFieldFormat{pages}{S\adddot\addnbthinspace#1}                          %"S." for all units
   
   % - title without quotation marks - %
       \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{title}{#1} 
       \DeclareFieldFormat[incollection]{title}{#1}
       \DeclareFieldFormat[thesis]{title}{#1}
   
   
   % - No publisher - %
       \renewbibmacro*{publisher+location+date}{%
       \printlist{location}%
       \iflistundef{publisher}
       {\setunit*{\addcomma\space}}
       {\setunit*{\addcolon\space}}%
       %  \printlist{publisher}%
       \setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
       \usebibmacro{date}%
       \newunit}
   
   % - URL - %
       \urlstyle{same}
   
       \DeclareFieldFormat{url}{\printtext{Unter\addcolon}\space\url{#1}}      % "URL" --> "Unter:"
       \DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{\bibstring{urlseen}\space#1}               % date without brackets
   
       \DefineBibliographyStrings{german}{%                                    % "besucht am" --> "am"
       urlseen = {am}}
       \DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{%                                   % "besucht am" --> "am"
       urlseen = {am}}
   
   
   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   \bibliography{Master}
   \usepackage{filecontents}
   \begin{filecontents*}{Master.bib}
   
   @article{Beasley.2008,
    author = {Beasley, Mark and Pagach, Don and Warr, Richard},
    year = {2008},
    title = {Information conveyed in hiring announcements of senior executives overseeing enterprise-wide risk management processes},
    pages = {311--332},
    pagination = {page},
    volume = {23},
    number = {55},
    journaltitle = {Journal of Accounting, Auditing {\&} Finance},
    abstract = {},
    hyphenation = {english},
    note = {}
   }
   
   @article{Beasley.2008b,
    author = {Beasley, Mark and Pagach, Don and Warr, Richard},
    year = {2008},
    title = {Information conveyed in hiring announcements of senior executives overseeing enterprise-wide risk management processes},
    pages = {311--332},
    pagination = {page},
    volume = {23},
    number = {55},
    journaltitle = {Journal of Accounting, Auditing {\&} Finance},
    abstract = {},
    hyphenation = {german},
    note = {}
   }
   
   
   @incollection{Wilderom.2000,
    author = {Wilderom, Celeste P. M. and Glunk, Ursula and Maslowski, Ralf},
    title = {Organizational culture as a predictor of organizational performance},
    pages = {193--209},
    bookpagination = {page},
    publisher = {SAGE},
    isbn = {1412973651},
    editor = {Ashkanasy, Neal M. and Wilderom, Celeste P. M. and Peterson, Mark F.},
    booktitle = {Handbook of organizational culture {\&} climate},
    year = {2000},
    abstract = {},
    hyphenation = {english}
   }
   
   @incollection{Wilderom.2000b,
    author = {Wilderom, Celeste P. M. and Glunk, Ursula and Maslowski, Ralf},
    title = {Organizational culture as a predictor of organizational performance},
    pages = {193--209},
    bookpagination = {page},
    publisher = {SAGE},
    isbn = {1412973651},
    editor = {Ashkanasy, Neal M. and Wilderom, Celeste P. M. and Peterson, Mark F.},
    booktitle = {Handbook of organizational culture {\&} climate},
    year = {2000},
    abstract = {},
    hyphenation = {german}
   }
   
   @book{Thommen.2012,
    author = {Thommen, Jean-Paul and Achleitner, Ann-Kristin},
    year = {2012},
    title = {Allgemeine Betriebswirtschaftslehre},
    edition = {7.},
    publisher = {{Gabler}},
    isbn = {9783834938442},
    subtitle = {Umfassende Einführung aus managementorientierter Sicht},
    hyphenation = {english},
    location = {Wiesbaden}
   }
   
   @book{Thommen.2012b,
    author = {Thommen, Jean-Paul and Achleitner, Ann-Kristin},
    year = {2012},
    title = {Allgemeine Betriebswirtschaftslehre},
    edition = {7.},
    publisher = {{Gabler}},
    isbn = {9783834938442},
    subtitle = {Umfassende Einführung aus managementorientierter Sicht},
    hyphenation = {german},
    location = {Wiesbaden}
   }
   
   @misc{Ashby.2012,
    author = {Ashby, Simon and Palermo, Tommaso and Power, Michael},
    year = {2012},
    title = {Risk culture in financial organisations: An interim report},
    url = {www.lse.ac.uk/accounting/CARR/pdf/risk-culture-interim-report.pdf},
    urldate = {2016-08-22},
    abstract = {},
    location = {London},
    organization = {{The London School of Economics and Political Science - Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation}},
    hyphenation = {english}
   }
   
   @misc{Ashby.2012b,
    author = {Ashby, Simon and Palermo, Tommaso and Power, Michael},
    year = {2012},
    title = {Risk culture in financial organisations: An interim report},
    url = {www.lse.ac.uk/accounting/CARR/pdf/risk-culture-interim-report.pdf},
    urldate = {2016-08-22},
    abstract = {},
    location = {London},
    organization = {{The London School of Economics and Political Science - Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation}},
    hyphenation = {german}
   }
   
   \end{filecontents*}
   
   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   
   \begin{document}
   
   \noindent
   \textcites[][10]{Beasley.2008}[10]{Beasley.2008b}[11]{Wilderom.2000}[11]{Wilderom.2000b}[12]{Thommen.2012}[12]{Thommen.2012b}[13]{Ashby.2012}[13]{Ashby.2012b}
   \printbibliography
   
   \end{document}
   

---

I used the MWE for compiling the document (please find the screenshot attached below). Therefor I think there is an issue with one of the packages?! (I know this description is some kind of useless ...) I`ll try to post a new MWE tomorrow ...

NEW MWE:

%%%% praeambel %%%%
\documentclass[a4paper,bibliography=totoc,toc=listof,chapterentrydots=on,captions=tableheading,headings=small]{scrbook}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}                                                         
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[english,ngerman]{babel}                                         
\usepackage{lmodern}                                                                
\usepackage{scrlayer-scrpage}       
\usepackage{microtype}              
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage[format=hang,skip=2.5pt,justification=RaggedRight,singlelinecheck=false,labelfont=bf]{caption}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage[disable]{todonotes}
\usepackage{fp}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,shadings}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.shapes}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.text}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage[printonlyused,withpage]{acronym}

\usepackage[babel]{csquotes}
\usepackage[language=autobib,backend=biber,citetracker=true,autolang=other,style=authoryear,maxcitenames=2,maxbibnames=99,uniquename=false,uniquelist=true,isbn=false,doi=false]{biblatex}

\AtEveryCitekey{\ifciteseen{}{\defcounter{maxnames}{99}}}

\renewcommand{\compcitedelim}{\space\bibstring{and}\space}

\renewcommand*{\revsdnamedelim}{} 
\renewcommand*{\multinamedelim}{\slash} 
\renewcommand*{\finalnamedelim}{\multinamedelim}

\renewcommand*{\multilistdelim}{\addsemicolon\space} 
\renewcommand*{\finallistdelim}{\multilistdelim} 



%%%% modifications %%%%
% --- indent footnotes ---%
\deffootnote{1em}{1em}{%
\textsuperscript{\thefootnotemark\ }}
\interfootnotelinepenalty=10000

% --- backslash autors references --- %
\newcommand*{\citerevsdnamedelim}{} 
\newcommand*{\citemultinamedelim}{\slash} 
\newcommand*{\citefinalnamedelim}{\slash} 
\AtBeginDocument{%
 \let\revsdnamedelim\citerevsdnamedelim 
 \let\multinamedelim\citemultinamedelim% 
 \let\finalnamedelim\citefinalnamedelim% 
} 

% --- semikolon references --- % 
\renewcommand*{\multilistdelim}{\addsemicolon\space} 
\renewcommand*{\finallistdelim}{\addsemicolon\space} 

% --- "u.a." --> "et al." --- %
\DefineBibliographyStrings{ngerman}{andothers={et\,al\adddot}}                  


% --- round brackets --> cite / footcite
\DeclareFieldFormat{bibhyperrefparens}{\bibhyperref{\mkbibparens{#1}}}

\newbibmacro*{cite:parens:labelyear+extrayear}{%
  \iffieldundef{labelyear}
    {}
    {\printtext[bibhyperrefparens]{%
       \printfield{labelyear}%
       \printfield{extrayear}}}}

\renewbibmacro*{cite}{%
  \iffieldundef{shorthand}
    {\ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{labelname}\OR\iffieldundef{labelyear}}
       {\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
        \setunit{\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}}}
       {\printnames{labelname}%
        \setunit{\printdelim{nameyeardelim}}}%
     \usebibmacro{cite:parens:labelyear+extrayear}}
    {\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}


% --- authors small capital letters --- %
\renewcommand*{\mkbibnamefamily}[1]{\textsc{#1}}

\AtBeginBibliography{%
\renewcommand*{\mkbibnamefamily}[1]{\textrm{#1}}}


%% ====== Bibliography ====== %%                            
% --- spacing references --- % 
\setlength{\bibitemsep}{0.25\baselineskip}                          

% --- sort name author --- % 
\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{last-first}

% --- ":" after author --- % 
\renewcommand{\labelnamepunct}{\addcolon\space}         

% --- title without quotation marks  --- % 
\DeclareFieldFormat[article]{title}{{#1}}                                   
\DeclareFieldFormat[book]{title}{{#1}}                              
\DeclareFieldFormat[incollection]{title}{{#1}}                          


% --- Englisch / German references --- %
%%% note: language --> hyphenation = {english} // hyphenation = {ngerman} %%%
\DefineBibliographyExtras{ngerman}{%
  \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{volume}{#1\adddot\addnbspace Jg\adddot\addcomma}%
  \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{number}{\addspace Nr\adddot\addnbspace#1}% 
  \DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{#1\adddot\addnbspace Aufl\adddot\addcomma}%
}

\DefineBibliographyExtras{english}{%
  \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{volume}{Vol\adddot\addnbspace #1\addcomma}%
  \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{number}{\addspace No\adddot\addnbspace#1}%
  \DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{#1\adddot\addnbspace Ed\adddot\addcomma}% 
}


% - no publisher - %
\renewbibmacro*{publisher+location+date}{%
  \printlist{location}%
  \iflistundef{publisher}
    {\setunit*{\addcomma\space}}
    {\setunit*{\addcolon\space}}%
  %\printlist{publisher}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
  \usebibmacro{date}%
  \newunit}

%%%% - URL - %%%%
\urlstyle{same}

%\DeclareFieldFormat{url}{\printtext{Unter\addcolon}\space\url{#1}}          % "URL" --> "Unter:"
%\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{\bibstring{urlseen}\space#1}               % date without brackets

\DefineBibliographyStrings{ngerman}{%                                      % "besucht am" --> "zuletzt besucht am"
    urlseen = {zuletzt besucht am}}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{%                                       % "besucht am" --> "zuletzt besucht am"
    urlseen = {zuletzt besucht am}}

% - chanching date from mm/dd/yyyy to dd.mm.yyyy -%
\DefineBibliographyExtras{english}{%
    \protected\def\mkbibordinal#1{\stripzeros{#1}\adddot}%
    \protected\def\mkbibmascord{\mkbibordinal}%
    \protected\def\mkbibfemord{\mkbibordinal}%
    \protected\def\mkbibneutord{\mkbibordinal}%
    \protected\def\mkbibdatelong#1#2#3{%
        \iffieldundef{#3}
        {}
        {\mkbibordinal{\thefield{#3}}%
        \iffieldundef{#2}{}{\nobreakspace}}%
        \iffieldundef{#2}
        {}
        {\mkbibmonth{\thefield{#2}}%
        \iffieldundef{#1}{}{\space}}%
        \iffieldbibstring{#1}{\bibstring{\thefield{#1}}}{\stripzeros{\thefield{#1}}}}%
    \protected\def\mkbibdateshort#1#2#3{%
        \iffieldundef{#3}
        {}
        {\mkdatezeros{\thefield{#3}}\adddot
        \iffieldundef{#2}{}{\thinspace}}%
        \iffieldundef{#2}
        {}
        {\mkdatezeros{\thefield{#2}}%
        \iffieldundef{#1}
             {}
            {\iffieldundef{#3}{/}{\adddot\thinspace}}}%
            \iffieldbibstring{#1}{\bibstring{\thefield{#1}}}{\mkdatezeros{\thefield{#1}}}}%
}




%%%% - bibliography - %%%%

\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}

@misc{BaselCommitteeonBankingSupervision.2015,
 author = {{BCBS}},
 year = {2015},
 title = {Title BCBS online document},
 url = {http://www.bis.org/filename.pdf},
 urldate = {2015-04-10},
 abstract = {},
 hyphenation = {ngerman},
 pagetotal = {55}
}

@misc{BaselCommitteeonBankingSupervision.2015e,
 author = {{BCBS}},
 year = {2015},
 title = {Title BCBS online document},
 url = {http://www.bis.org/filename.pdf},
 urldate = {2015-04-10},
 abstract = {},
 hyphenation = {english},
 pagetotal = {55}
}

@article{Sorensen.2002,
 author = {Sørensen, Jesper B. and Meier, Max X.},
 year = {2002},
 title = {Title Sørensen},
 keywords = {},
 pages = {70--91},
 pagination = {page},
 volume = {47},
 journaltitle = {English Journal},
 shortjournal = {},
 hyphenation = {english},
 issue = {1}
}

@article{Sathe.1983,
 author = {Sathe, Vijay},
 year = {1983},
 title = {Title Sathe},
 keywords = {},
 pages = {4--23},
 pagination = {page},
 volume = {12},
 issn = {00902616},
 journaltitle = {English Journal},
 hyphenation = {english},
 issue = {2}
}

@article{Schreyogg.1989,
 author = {Schreyögg, Georg},
 year = {1989},
 title = {Title Schreyögg},
 pages = {94--113},
 pagination = {page},
 volume = {41},
 journaltitle = {German Journal},
 hyphenation = {ngerman},
 issue = {2},
 abstract = {}
}

@incollection{Wilderom.2000e,
 author        = {Wilderom, Celeste P. M. and Glunk, Ursula and Maslowski, Ralf},
 title         = {Title in edited volume - English},
 pages         = {193--209},
 publisher     = {SAGE},
 isbn          = {1412973651},
 editor        = {Ashkanasy, Neal M. and Wilderom, Celeste P. M. and Peterson, Mark F.},
 booktitle     = {Edited volume - Englisch},
 year          = {2000},
 hyphenation   = {english}
}

@incollection{Wilderom.2000,
 author        = {Wilderom, Celeste P. M. and Glunk, Ursula and Maslowski, Ralf},
 title         = {Titel Beitrag Sammelband - Deutsch},
 pages         = {193--209},
 publisher     = {SAGE},
 isbn          = {1412973651},
 editor        = {Ashkanasy, Neal M. and Wilderom, Celeste P. M. and Peterson, Mark F.},
 booktitle     = {Sammelband - Deutsch},
 year          = {2000},
 hyphenation   = {ngerman}
}

\end{filecontents*}

\bibliography{\jobname}

%%%% text %%%%
\begin{document}

\textcite[][9]{BaselCommitteeonBankingSupervision.2015}

\textcite[][10]{BaselCommitteeonBankingSupervision.2015e}

Footnote I\footcite[Vgl.][11]{Schreyogg.1989}

Footnote II\footcites[Vgl.][12]{Sorensen.2002}[13]{Sathe.1983}

Footnote III\footcites[Vgl.][14]{Wilderom.2000}[15]{Wilderom.2000e}

Footnote IV\footcites[Vgl.][14]{Wilderom.2000}[15]{Wilderom.2000e}

\printbibliography

\end{document}

Answer 1

The setting

\usepackage[ngerman,german,english]{babel}

makes English the main language of your document (the last language is the main language), if you write in German, you want

\usepackage[german,english,ngerman]{babel}

(You could even drop german if you change all hyphenation = {german}s to ngerman - german is for pre-1996 orthography, ngerman is "neue Deutsche Rechtschreibung".)

Because the citations follow the main document language you get "p." instead of the German "S.".

---

The date format for English can be changed with

\DefineBibliographyExtras{english}{%
  \protected\def\mkbibordinal#1{\stripzeros{#1}\adddot}%
  \protected\def\mkbibmascord{\mkbibordinal}%
  \protected\def\mkbibfemord{\mkbibordinal}%
  \protected\def\mkbibneutord{\mkbibordinal}%
  \protected\def\mkbibdatelong#1#2#3{%
    \iffieldundef{#3}
      {}
      {\mkbibordinal{\thefield{#3}}%
       \iffieldundef{#2}{}{\nobreakspace}}%
    \iffieldundef{#2}
      {}
      {\mkbibmonth{\thefield{#2}}%
       \iffieldundef{#1}{}{\space}}%
    \iffieldbibstring{#1}{\bibstring{\thefield{#1}}}{\stripzeros{\thefield{#1}}}}%
  \protected\def\mkbibdateshort#1#2#3{%
    \iffieldundef{#3}
      {}
      {\mkdatezeros{\thefield{#3}}\adddot
       \iffieldundef{#2}{}{\thinspace}}%
    \iffieldundef{#2}
      {}
      {\mkdatezeros{\thefield{#2}}%
       \iffieldundef{#1}
         {}
         {\iffieldundef{#3}{/}{\adddot\thinspace}}}%
          \iffieldbibstring{#1}{\bibstring{\thefield{#1}}}{\mkdatezeros{\thefield{#1}}}}%
}

---

The extra space you are seeing is due to missing %s in \DefineBibliographyExtras, it should be

\DefineBibliographyExtras{german}{%
  \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{volume}{#1\adddot\addnbspace Jg\adddot\addcomma}%
  \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{number}{\addspace Nr\adddot\addnbspace#1}% 
  \DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{#1\adddot\addnbspace Aufl\adddot\addcomma}%
}

\DefineBibliographyExtras{english}{%
  \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{volume}{Vol\adddot\addnbspace #1\addcomma}%
  \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{number}{\addspace No\adddot\addnbspace#1}%
  \DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{#1\adddot\addnbspace Ed\adddot\addcomma}% 
}

See What is the use of percent signs (%) at the end of lines? for a bit of help on avoiding spurious whitespace.

This could probably better be done with proper use of the bibstring features, though I appreciate that the "Jg."/"Vol." thing is a bit complicated.

---

MWE

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}                 
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}                    
\usepackage[english,ngerman]{babel}                                          
\usepackage{lmodern}                                                                
\usepackage[babel]{csquotes}
\usepackage[language=autobib,backend=biber,citetracker=true,autolang=other,style=authoryear,maxcitenames=2,maxbibnames=99,uniquename=false,uniquelist=true,isbn=false,doi=false]{biblatex}
\AtEveryCitekey{\ifciteseen{}{\defcounter{maxnames}{99}}}

\renewcommand*{\revsdnamedelim}{} 
\renewcommand*{\multinamedelim}{\slash} 
\renewcommand*{\finalnamedelim}{\multinamedelim}

\renewcommand*{\multilistdelim}{\addsemicolon\space} 
\renewcommand*{\finallistdelim}{\multilistdelim} 


% --- () footnotes
% --- () year footnotes
\DeclareFieldFormat{bibhyperrefparens}{\bibhyperref{\mkbibparens{#1}}}

\newbibmacro*{cite:parens:labelyear+extrayear}{%
  \iffieldundef{labelyear}
    {}
    {\printtext[bibhyperrefparens]{%
       \printfield{labelyear}%
       \printfield{extrayear}}}}

\renewbibmacro*{cite}{%
  \iffieldundef{shorthand}
    {\ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{labelname}\OR\iffieldundef{labelyear}}
       {\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
        \setunit{\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}}}
       {\printnames{labelname}%
        \setunit{\printdelim{nameyeardelim}}}%
     \usebibmacro{cite:parens:labelyear+extrayear}}
    {\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}


\renewcommand*{\mkbibnamefamily}[1]{\textsc{#1}}

\AtBeginBibliography{%
  \renewcommand*{\mkbibnamefamily}[1]{#1}}



%%%%%%%%%% MODIFICATION: BIBLIOGRAPY %%%%%%%%%%

% --- Sort authors --- % 
\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{family-given}

% --- colon after author and year --- % 
\renewcommand{\labelnamepunct}{\addcolon\space} 

% --- No "-" for the same authors --- % 
\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{dashed=false}        


% --- more space between references --- % 
\setlength{\bibitemsep}{0.5\baselineskip} 


% - German vs. English literature - %
\DefineBibliographyExtras{german}{%
  \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{volume}{#1\adddot\addnbspace Jg\adddot\addcomma}%
  \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{number}{\addspace Nr\adddot\addnbspace#1}% 
  \DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{#1\adddot\addnbspace Aufl\adddot\addcomma}%
}

\DefineBibliographyExtras{english}{%
  \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{volume}{Vol\adddot\addnbspace #1\addcomma}%
  \DeclareFieldFormat[article]{number}{\addspace No\adddot\addnbspace#1}%
  \DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{#1\adddot\addnbspace Ed\adddot\addcomma}% 
}

% - title without quotation marks - 
\DeclareFieldFormat[article]{title}{#1} 
\DeclareFieldFormat[incollection]{title}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat[thesis]{title}{#1}


% - No publisher - %
\renewbibmacro*{publisher+location+date}{%
  \printlist{location}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
  \usebibmacro{date}%
  \newunit}

% - URL - %
\urlstyle{same}

\DeclareFieldFormat{url}{\printtext{Unter\addcolon}\space\url{#1}} 
\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{\bibstring{urlseen}\space#1}          

\DefineBibliographyStrings{german}{%                               
  urlseen = {am}}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{%                        
  urlseen = {am}}


\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}
@article{Beasley.2008,
 author       = {Beasley, Mark and Pagach, Don and Warr, Richard},
 year         = {2008},
 title        = {Information conveyed in hiring announcements of senior executives overseeing enterprise-wide risk management processes},
 pages        = {311--332},
 volume       = {23},
 number       = {55},
 journaltitle = {Journal of Accounting, Auditing {\&} Finance},
 hyphenation  = {english},
}

@article{Beasley.2008b,
 author       = {Beasley, Mark and Pagach, Don and Warr, Richard},
 year         = {2008},
 title        = {Information conveyed in hiring announcements of senior executives overseeing enterprise-wide risk management processes},
 pages        = {311--332},
 volume       = {23},
 number       = {55},
 journaltitle = {Journal of Accounting, Auditing {\&} Finance},
 hyphenation  = {ngerman},
}


@incollection{Wilderom.2000,
 author        = {Wilderom, Celeste P. M. and Glunk, Ursula and Maslowski, Ralf},
 title         = {Organizational culture as a predictor of organizational performance},
 pages         = {193--209},
 publisher     = {SAGE},
 isbn          = {1412973651},
 editor        = {Ashkanasy, Neal M. and Wilderom, Celeste P. M. and Peterson, Mark F.},
 booktitle     = {Handbook of organizational culture {\&} climate},
 year          = {2000},
 hyphenation   = {english}
}

@incollection{Wilderom.2000b,
 author        = {Wilderom, Celeste P. M. and Glunk, Ursula and Maslowski, Ralf},
 title         = {Organizational culture as a predictor of organizational performance},
 pages         = {193--209},
 publisher     = {SAGE},
 isbn          = {1412973651},
 editor        = {Ashkanasy, Neal M. and Wilderom, Celeste P. M. and Peterson, Mark F.},
 booktitle     = {Handbook of organizational culture {\&} climate},
 year          = {2000},
 hyphenation   = {ngerman}
}

@book{Thommen.2012,
 author      = {Thommen, Jean-Paul and Achleitner, Ann-Kristin},
 year        = {2012},
 title       = {Allgemeine Betriebswirtschaftslehre},
 edition     = {7},
 publisher   = {{Gabler}},
 isbn        = {9783834938442},
 subtitle    = {Umfassende Einführung aus managementorientierter Sicht},
 hyphenation = {english},
 location    = {Wiesbaden}
}

@book{Thommen.2012b,
 author      = {Thommen, Jean-Paul and Achleitner, Ann-Kristin},
 year        = {2012},
 title       = {Allgemeine Betriebswirtschaftslehre},
 edition     = {7},
 publisher   = {{Gabler}},
 isbn        = {9783834938442},
 subtitle    = {Umfassende Einführung aus managementorientierter Sicht},
 hyphenation = {ngerman},
 location    = {Wiesbaden}
}

@misc{Ashby.2012,
 author       = {Ashby, Simon and Palermo, Tommaso and Power, Michael},
 year         = {2012},
 title        = {Risk culture in financial organisations: An interim report},
 url          = {http://www.lse.ac.uk/accounting/CARR/pdf/risk-culture-interim-report.pdf},
 urldate      = {2016-08-22},
 location     = {London},
 organization = {{The London School of Economics and Political Science -- Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation}},
 hyphenation  = {english}
}

@misc{Ashby.2012b,
 author       = {Ashby, Simon and Palermo, Tommaso and Power, Michael},
 year         = {2012},
 title        = {Risk culture in financial organisations: An interim report},
 url          = {http://www.lse.ac.uk/accounting/CARR/pdf/risk-culture-interim-report.pdf},
 urldate      = {2016-08-22},
 location     = {London},
 organization = {{The London School of Economics and Political Science -- Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation}},
 hyphenation  = {ngerman}
}

\end{filecontents*}
\bibliography{\jobname}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\DefineBibliographyExtras{english}{%
  \protected\def\mkbibordinal#1{\stripzeros{#1}\adddot}%
  \protected\def\mkbibmascord{\mkbibordinal}%
  \protected\def\mkbibfemord{\mkbibordinal}%
  \protected\def\mkbibneutord{\mkbibordinal}%
  \protected\def\mkbibdatelong#1#2#3{%
    \iffieldundef{#3}
      {}
      {\mkbibordinal{\thefield{#3}}%
       \iffieldundef{#2}{}{\nobreakspace}}%
    \iffieldundef{#2}
      {}
      {\mkbibmonth{\thefield{#2}}%
       \iffieldundef{#1}{}{\space}}%
    \iffieldbibstring{#1}{\bibstring{\thefield{#1}}}{\stripzeros{\thefield{#1}}}}%
  \protected\def\mkbibdateshort#1#2#3{%
    \iffieldundef{#3}
      {}
      {\mkdatezeros{\thefield{#3}}\adddot
       \iffieldundef{#2}{}{\thinspace}}%
    \iffieldundef{#2}
      {}
      {\mkdatezeros{\thefield{#2}}%
       \iffieldundef{#1}
         {}
         {\iffieldundef{#3}{/}{\adddot\thinspace}}}%
          \iffieldbibstring{#1}{\bibstring{\thefield{#1}}}{\mkdatezeros{\thefield{#1}}}}%
}

\begin{document}

\noindent
\textcites[][10]{Beasley.2008}[10]{Beasley.2008b}[11]{Wilderom.2000}[11]{Wilderom.2000b}[12]{Thommen.2012}[12]{Thommen.2012b}[13]{Ashby.2012}[13]{Ashby.2012b}
\printbibliography

\end{document}

Please check the additional small changes I did to your code.